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Overview of Human Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers

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Defense Against Biological Attacks

Abstract

Viral hemorrhagic fevers (VHFs) are zoonoses caused by a variety of taxonomically distinct viruses that infect a wide variety of hosts. Human VHFs are caused by viruses of seven families and are typically characterized by short incubation periods, acute disease course with fever, capillaropathy, and more or less pronounced hemorrhagic signs. Case fatality rates vary but can surpass 50%. Because licensed medical countermeasures (vaccines and therapeutics) are largely absent, many human VHF-causing pathogens are considered source materials for the development of biological weapons. This chapter provides an overview of human VHFs that are caused by viruses listed as Priority Research Pathogens by the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and the US National Institutes of Health.

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Acknowledgements

We thank Laura Bollinger (NIH/NIAID Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA) for critically editing the manuscript. This work was supported in part through Battelle Memorial Institute’s prime contract with the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) under Contract No. HHSN272200700016I (J.L., J.H.K., W.W.).

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  1. Division of Clinical Research (DCR), Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick (IRF-Frederick), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD, USA

    James Logue, Jens H. Kuhn & Wade Weaver

  2. Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany

    Martin Richter

  3. German Federal Institute for Risk Assessment, Berlin, Germany

    Martin Richter

  4. Emerging Viral Pathogens Section (EVPS), National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Frederick, MD, USA

    Reed F. Johnson

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  5. Wade Weaver
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Correspondence to Jens H. Kuhn .

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  1. Molecular Biology Unit, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India

    Sunit K. Singh

  2. NIH/NIAID, Division of Clinical Research, Integrated Research Facility at Fort Detrick, Frederick, MD, USA

    Jens H. Kuhn

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Logue, J., Richter, M., Johnson, R.F., Kuhn, J.H., Weaver, W. (2019). Overview of Human Viral Hemorrhagic Fevers. In: Singh, S., Kuhn, J. (eds) Defense Against Biological Attacks. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-03071-1_2

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