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High-Density Lipoproteins and Apolipoprotein A1

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Vertebrate and Invertebrate Respiratory Proteins, Lipoproteins and other Body Fluid Proteins

Part of the book series: Subcellular Biochemistry ((SCBI,volume 94))

Abstract

High-density lipoprotein (HDL) and its main protein component apolipoprotein (apo)A-I, play an important role in cholesterol homeostasis. It has been demonstrated that HDLs comprise of a very heterogeneous group of particles, not only regarding size but also composition. HDL’s best described function is its role in the reverse cholesterol transport, where lipid-free apoA-I or small HDLs can accept and take up cholesterol from peripheral cells and subsequently transport this to the liver for excretion. However, several other functions have also been described, like anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory and anti-thrombotic effects. In this article, the general features, synthesis and metabolism of apoA-I and HDLs will be discussed. Additionally, an overview of HDL functions will be given, especially in the context of some major pathologies like cardiovascular disease, cancer and diabetes mellitus. Finally, the therapeutic potential of raising HDL will be discussed, focussing on the difficulties of the past and the promises of the future.

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Acknowledgements

The author would like to express his gratitude to Linsey Peters for preparing the graphics of this book chapter.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Cardiovascular Prevention (IPEK), Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Pettenkoferstr. 8a und 9, D-80336, Munich, Germany

    Emiel P. C. van der Vorst

  2. Department of Pathology, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht (CARIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, The Netherlands

    Emiel P. C. van der Vorst

  3. Institute for Molecular Cardiovascular Research (IMCAR)/Interdisciplinary Center for Clinical Research (IZKF), RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany

    Emiel P. C. van der Vorst

  4. DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Munich Heart Alliance, Munich, Germany

    Emiel P. C. van der Vorst

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  1. Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany

    Ulrich Hoeger

  2. Institute of Molecular Physiology, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany

    J. Robin Harris

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van der Vorst, E.P.C. (2020). High-Density Lipoproteins and Apolipoprotein A1. In: Hoeger, U., Harris, J. (eds) Vertebrate and Invertebrate Respiratory Proteins, Lipoproteins and other Body Fluid Proteins. Subcellular Biochemistry, vol 94. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-41769-7_16

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