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Anatomy, Applied Embryology, and Pathogenesis of Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract

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Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract

Abstract

Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT spectrum) affect up to 3% of human fetuses, and they present major diagnostic and management challenges to practising physicians. In order to frame the clinical implications of CAKUT, it is critical to understand the normal development of the kidney and urinary tract. Although accounts on pathogenesis focus predominantly on genetic causes of CAKUT, it is also important to consider other contributing factors such as lower urinary tract obstruction, teratogens, and maternal diet. In this chapter, we will discuss the anatomy, embryology, and pathogenesis of CAKUT.

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Abbreviations

CAKUT:

Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract

CKD:

Chronic kidney disease

MCDK:

Multicystic dysplastic kidney

PKD:

Polycystic kidney disease

RCAD:

Renal cysts and diabetes syndrome

UPJ:

Ureteropelvic junction

UVJ:

Ureterovesical junction

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nephrology Group, Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (DBCP), Institute of Child Health (ICH), London, WC1N 1EH, UK

    Amnah Al-Harbi

  2. Nephrology Section , Developmental Biology and Cancer Programme (DBCP), UCL Institute of Child Health (ICH), London, UK

    Paul Winyard B.M., B.Ch., Ph.D.

  3. Division of Pediatric Nephrology, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, Great Ormond Street, London, UK

    Paul Winyard B.M., B.Ch., Ph.D.

Authors
  1. Amnah Al-Harbi
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  2. Paul Winyard B.M., B.Ch., Ph.D.
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Paul Winyard B.M., B.Ch., Ph.D. .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pediatrics, Georgetown University Medical Center, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

    Amin J. Barakat

  2. Division of Pediatric Urology, Children’, George Washington University School of M, Washington, District of Columbia, USA

    H. Gil Rushton

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© 2016 Springer International Publishing Switzerland

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Al-Harbi, A., Winyard, P. (2016). Anatomy, Applied Embryology, and Pathogenesis of Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract. In: Barakat, A., Rushton, H. (eds) Congenital Anomalies of the Kidney and Urinary Tract. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29219-9_2

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-29219-9_2

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  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-29217-5

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-29219-9

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

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