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Vitamin D and Endothelial Function in Chronic Kidney Disease

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Vitamin D in Chronic Kidney Disease

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Abstract

The endothelium is a highly active organ with numerous functions regarding endothelium-dependent vasodilation, balance of inflammation and hemostasis and finally endothelial cell repair and angiogenesis. Vitamin D deficit has been linked to endothelial dysfunction, two conditions encountered early in chronic kidney disease (CKD). Vitamin D has direct effects on the endothelium: endothelial cells are capable of activating 25(OH)D to 1,25(OH)2D3, which acts locally to regulate the vascular tone, to prevent vascular inflammation and oxidative stress and to promote cell repair and survival. Vitamin D also indirectly regulates endothelial function: various conditions alter the normal functioning of the endothelium in CKD, and most of them are also aggravated by the abnormal vitamin D metabolism. In this regard, vitamin D deficit in CKD favors the development and/or perpetuation of metabolic abnormalities (hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia), secondary hyperparathyroidism, chronic inflammation and also the activation of the renin-angiotensin system, conditions that trigger endothelial dysfunction. Also, CKD-associated perturbations of the vitamin D-FGF-23-klotho axis additionally promote endothelial dysfunction. Therefore, vitamin D therapy in CKD is requisite for ameliorating endothelial dysfunction, the major initiator of CVD.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nephrology Unit, Dr CI Parhon University Hospital, Iasi, Romania

    Mugurel Apetrii MD, PhD

  2. University “Grigore T. Popa”, Iasi, Romania

    Adrian Covic MD, PhD, FRCP (London), FERA

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  1. Ramsay-Générale de Santé, Clinique du Landy, Saint Ouen, France

    Pablo A. Ureña Torres

  2. San Paolo Hospital, DiSS University of Milan, Milan, Italy

    Mario Cozzolino

  3. VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands

    Marc G. Vervloet

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Apetrii, M., Covic, A. (2016). Vitamin D and Endothelial Function in Chronic Kidney Disease. In: Ureña Torres, P., Cozzolino, M., Vervloet, M. (eds) Vitamin D in Chronic Kidney Disease. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-32507-1_20

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