Skip to main content

Family Psychological Morbidity After the Intensive Care Unit

  • Chapter
  • First Online:
Families in the Intensive Care Unit

Abstract

This chapter addresses the array of psychological repercussions that may arise in family members of intensive care unit (ICU) survivors. In particular, it will address a range of issues known to exist under the rubric of a newly identified condition known as post-intensive care syndrome-family (PICS-F). The chapter will cover diverse topics such as risk factors and possible protective factors for psychological repercussions in family members, moderating factors, and dimensions of psychological morbidity, while providing a novel framework to help understand PICS-F. Additionally, proposed future research directions in the field are included.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this chapter

Chapter
USD 29.95
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
eBook
USD 89.00
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Available as EPUB and PDF
  • Read on any device
  • Instant download
  • Own it forever
Softcover Book
USD 119.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Compact, lightweight edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info
Hardcover Book
USD 169.99
Price excludes VAT (USA)
  • Durable hardcover edition
  • Dispatched in 3 to 5 business days
  • Free shipping worldwide - see info

Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout

Purchases are for personal use only

Institutional subscriptions

References

  1. Netzer G, Sullivan D. Recognizing, naming, and measuring a family intensive care unit syndrome. Ann Am Thorac Soc. 2014;11(3):435–41. https://doi.org/10.1513/AnnalsATS.201309-308OT.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  2. Jezierska N, Borkowski B, Gaszyński W. Psychological reactions in family members of patients hospitalised in intensive care unit. Anaesthesiol Intensive Ther. 2014;46:42–5. https://doi.org/10.5603/AIT.2014.0009.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Haines K, Denehy L, Skinner E, Warrillow S, Berney S. Psychosocial outcomes in informal caregivers of the critically ill: a systematic review. Crit Care Med. 2015;43(5):1112–20. https://doi.org/10.1097/CCM.0000000000000865.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. American Psychiatric Association, editor. Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. 5th ed. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2013.

    Google Scholar 

  5. McPeake J, Devine H, MacTavish P, Fleming L, Crawford R, Struthers R, et al. Caregiver strain following critical care discharge: an exploratory evaluation. J Crit Care. 2016;35:180–4. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcrc.2016.05.023.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Azoulay E, Pochard F, Kentish-Barnes N, Chevret S, Aboab J, Adrie C, et al. Risk of post-traumatic stress symptoms in family members of intensive care unit patients. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 2005;171(9):987–94.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  7. Hickman R, Douglas S. Impact of chronic critical illness on the psychological outcomes of family members. Am Assoc Crit–Care Nurs Adv Crit Care. 2010;21:80–90.

    Google Scholar 

  8. Young E, Eddleston J, Ingleby S, Streets S, McJanet L, Wang M, et al. Returning home after intensive care: a comparison of symptoms of anxiety and depression in ICU and elective cardiac surgery patients and their relatives. Intensive Care Med. 2005;31:86–91.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  9. Wintermann G, Weidner K, Straub B, Rosendahl J. Predictors of posttraumatic stress and quality of life in family members of chronically critically ill patients after intensive care. Ann Intensive Care. 2016;6(69):1–11.

    Google Scholar 

  10. Davidson JE, Jones C, Bienvenu J. Family response to critical illness: postintensive care syndrome-family. Crit Care Med. 2011;40(2):1–7.

    Google Scholar 

  11. Miranda S, Pochard F, Chaize M, Megarbane B, Cuvelier A, Bele N, et al. Postintensive care unit psychological burden in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and informal caregivers: a multicenter study. Crit Care Med. 2011;39(1):112–8.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Herridge MS, Moss M, Hough CL, Hopkins RO, Rice TW, Bienvenu OJ, Azoulay E. Recovery and outcomes after the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in patients and their family caregivers. Intensive Care Med. 2016;42(5):725–38.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  13. Hoffman LA. Post intensive care syndrome: risk factors and prevention strategies. Crit Care Alert. 2015;22(12). Retrieved from http://login.proxy.library.vanderbilt.edu/login?url=https://search.proquest.com/docview/1987263825?accountid=14816.

  14. Sliwinski MJ, Smyth JM, Hofer SM, Stawski RS. Intraindividual coupling of daily stress and cognition. Psychol Aging. 2006;21:545–57.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  15. Stawski RS, Sliwinski MJ, Smyth JM. Stress-related cognitive interference predicts cognitive function in old age. Psychol Aging. 2006;21:535–44.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  16. McAdam JL, Dracup KA, White DB, Fontaine DK, Puntillo KA. Symptom experiences of family members of intensive care unit patients at high risk for dying. Crit Care Med. 2010;38(4):1078–85. https://doi.org/10.1097/ccm.0b013e3181cf6d94.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Fowler NR, Hansen AS, Barnato AE, Garand L. Association between anticipatory grief and problem solving among family caregivers of persons with cognitive impairment. J Aging Health. 2013;25(3):493–509. https://doi.org/10.1177/0898264313477133.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  18. Nielsen MK, Neergaard MA, Bonde Jensen A, Bro F, Guldin M. Do we need to change our understanding of anticipatory grief in caregivers? A systematic review of caregiver studies during end-of-life caregiving and bereavement. Clin Psychol Rev. 2016;44:75–93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2016.01.002.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  19. Coelho A, Barbosa A. Family anticipatory grief: an integrative literature review. Am J Hosp Palliat Med. 2017;34(5):774–85. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049909116647960.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  20. Wilson S, Toye C, Aoun A, Slatyer S, Moyle W, Beattie E. Effectiveness of psychosocial interventions in reducing grief experienced by family carers of people with dementia: a systematic review. JBI Database System Rev Implement Rep. 2017;15:809–39.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  21. Toyama H, Honda A. Using narrative approach for anticipatory grief among family caregivers at home. Glob Qual Nurs Res. 2016;3:1–15. https://doi.org/10.1177/2333393616682549.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  22. Choi J, Tate J, Hoffman L, Schulz R, Ren D, Donahoe M, et al. Fatigue in family caregivers of adult intensive care unit survivors. J Pain Symptom Manage. 2014;48(3):353–63.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Verceles AC, Corwin DS, Afshar M, et al. Half of the family members of critically ill patients experience excessive daytime sleepiness. Intensive Care Med. 2014;40:1124–31. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00134-014-3347-z.

    Article  PubMed  PubMed Central  Google Scholar 

  24. Guo H, Wei M, Ding W. Changes in cognitive functioning in patients with primary insomnia. Shanghai Arch Psychiatry. 2017;29(3):137–45.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  25. Tedeschi R, McNally R. Can we facilitate posttraumatic growth in combat veterans? Am Psychol. 2011;66(1):19–24. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0021896.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  26. Colville GA, Cream P. Post-traumatic growth in parents after a child’s admission to intensive care: maybe Nietzsche was right? Intensive Care Med. 2009;35:919–23.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  27. Dziadzko V, Dziadzko MA, Johnson MM, Gajic O, Karnatovskaia LV. Acute psychological trauma in the critically ill: patient and family perspectives. Gen Hosp Psychiatry. 2017;47:68–74. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2017.04.009.

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to James C. Jackson .

Editor information

Editors and Affiliations

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

Copyright information

© 2018 Springer Nature Switzerland AG

About this chapter

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this chapter

Stepanovic, K., Van, J., Jackson, J.C. (2018). Family Psychological Morbidity After the Intensive Care Unit. In: Netzer, G. (eds) Families in the Intensive Care Unit. Springer, Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94337-4_5

Download citation

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-94337-4_5

  • Published:

  • Publisher Name: Springer, Cham

  • Print ISBN: 978-3-319-94336-7

  • Online ISBN: 978-3-319-94337-4

  • eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)

Publish with us

Policies and ethics