Abstract
Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) like other inflammatory entities of the choriocapillaris was included in the purely descriptive pot-pourri group of white dot syndromes, a classification that nowadays has no reason to be maintained. As for many fundus diseases, it was J. Donald M. Gass who first described the disease in 1968. He called the disease acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE) because he thought that the disease was due to an acute cellular response on the part of the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) to a local noxious agent. In 1971, van Buskirk et al. suggested choriocapillaris perfusion as the underlying disorder. In 1972 and again in 1977 and 1983, Deutman and colleagues, based on the choriocapillaris nonperfusion seen on early FA frames, indicated that it was the choriocapillaris rather than the RPE that was primarily involved, and they suggested to rename the disease as “acute multifocal ischaemic choriocapillaropathy” (AMIC). With the aid of indocyanine green angiography (ICGA), Dhaliwal et al. identified choriocapillaris nonperfusion as the primary event in APMPPE.
APMPPE predominantly occurs in young individuals during the second to fourth decade of life.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Gass JDM (1968) Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy. Arch Ophthalmol 80:177–185
Van Buskirk EM, Lessel S, Friedman E (1971) Pigmentary epitheliopathy and erythema nodosum. Arch Ophthalmol 85:369–372
Deutman AF, Oosterhuis JA, Boen-Tan TN, Aan de Kerk AL (1972) Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy, pigment epitheliopathy or choriocapillaritis. Br J Ophthalmol 56:863–874
Deutman AF, Lion F (1977) Choriocapillaris nonperfusion in acute multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy. Am J Ophtalmol 84:652–657
Deutman AF (1983) Acute multifocal ischaemic choroidopathy and the choriocapillaris. Int Ophthalmol 6:155–160
Dhalival RS, Maguirre AM, Flower RW, Arribas NP (1993) Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy, an indocyanine green angiographic study. Retina 13:317–325
Azar P, Gohd RS, Waltman D, Gitter KA (1975) Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy associated with an adenovirus type 5 infection. Am J Ophthalmol 80:1003–1005
Cimino L, Auer C, Herbort CP (2000) Sensitivity of indocyanine green angiography for the follow-up of active inflammatory choriocapillaropathies. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 8:275–283
Borruat FX, Piguet B, Herbort CP (1998) Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy following mumps. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 6:39–41
Lowder CY, Foster RE, Gordon SM, Gutman FA (1996) Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy after acute group A streptococcal infection. Am J Ophthalmol 122:115–117
Bodine SR, Marino J, Camisa T, Salvate AJ (1992) Multifocal choroiditis with evidence of Lyme disease. Ann Ophthalmol 24:169–173
Gass JDM, Braunstein RA, Chenoweth RG (1990) Acute syphilitic posterior placoid chorioretinitis. Ophthalmology 97:1288–1297
Jampol L, Becker KG (2003) White spot syndromes of the retina: a hypothesis based on the common genetic hypothesis of autoimmune/inflammatory disease. Am J Ophthalmol 135:376–379
Jones BE, Jampol L, Yannuzzi LA et al (2000) Relentless placoid chorioretinitis. Arch Ophthalmol 118:931–938
Howe LJ, Woon H, Graham EM et al (1995) Choroidal hypoperfusion in acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy. Ophthalmology 102:790–798
Hsu CT, Harlan JB, Goldberg MF, Dunn JP (2003) Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy associated with a systemic necrotizing vasculitis. Retina 23:64–68
Seigelmann J, Behrens M, Hilal S (1979) Acute posterior multifocal pigment epitheliopathy associated with cerebral vasculitis and homonymous hemianopsia. Am J Ophthalmol 88:919–924
Smith CH, Savina PJ, Beck RW (1983) Acute posterior multifocal pigment epitheliopathy and cerebral vasculitis. Arch Neurol 40:48–50
Wilson CA, Choromokos EA, Sheppard R (1988) Acute posterior multifocal pigment epitheliopathy and cerebral vasculitis. Arch Ophthalmol 106:796–800
Laatikainen LT, Immonen IJR (1988) Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy in connection with acute nephritis. Retina 8:122–124
Kersten DH, Lessel L, Carlow TJ (1987) Acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy and late onset meningoencephalitis. Ophthalmology 94:393–396
Herbort CP, LeHoang P, Guex-Crosier Y (1998) Schematic interpretation of indocyanine green angiography in posterior uveitis using a standard angiographic protocol. Ophthalmology 105:432–440
Schmitz-Valckenberg S, Fitzke FW, Holz FG (2007) Fundus autofluorescence imaging with the confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope. In: Holz FG, Schmitz-Valckenberg S, Spaide RF, Brid AC (eds) Atlas of fundus autofluorescence imaging. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 31–36
Sparrow JR (2007) Lipofuscin of the retinal pigment epithelium. In: Holz FG, Schmitz-Valckenberg S, Spaide RF, Brid AC (eds) Atlas of fundus autofluorescence imaging. Springer, Heidelberg, pp 3–16
Souka AA, Hillenkamp J, Gora F et al (2006) Correlation between optical coherence tomography and autofluorescence in acute posterior multifocal pigment epitheliopathy. Graefe’s Arch Clin Exp Ophthalmol 244:1219–1223
Park D, Shatz H, McDonald R, Johnson RN (1995) Indocyanine green angiography of acute multifocal posterior placoid pigment epitheliopathy. Ophthalmology 102:1877–1883
Gupta V, Gupta A, Arora S et al (2003) Presumed tubercular serpiginouslike choroiditis. Clinical presentations and management. Ophthalmology 110:1744–1749
Gupta V, Agarwal A, Gupta A et al (2002) Clinical characteristics of serpiginous choroidopathy in North India. Am J Ophthalmol 134:47–56
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
1 Electronic Supplementary Material
Below is the link to the electronic supplementary material.
Case Report 83
Acute placoid multifocal posterior pigment epitheliopathy (PPTX 19398 kb)
Case Report 87
Acute placoid multifocal posterior pigment epitheliopathy (PPTX 694 kb)
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2016 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg
About this chapter
Cite this chapter
Herbort, C.P., Mantovani, A. (2016). Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy (APMPPE). In: Zierhut, M., Pavesio, C., Ohno, S., Orefice, F., Rao, N. (eds) Intraocular Inflammation. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75387-2_79
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-75387-2_79
Publisher Name: Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg
Print ISBN: 978-3-540-75385-8
Online ISBN: 978-3-540-75387-2
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)