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Lungfishes

  • Chapter
The Central Nervous System of Vertebrates

Abstract

The lungfishes or Dipnoi form an extremely ancient group of fishes which appeared in the lower Devonian and reached the zenith of its evolution in late Devonian and Carboniferous times (Moy-Thomas and Miles 1971). A variety of fossil lungfishes have been described from geological formations all over the world, but in the recent fauna this group is represented by only six species. These are distributed over three genera, the African genus Protopterus with four species, the South American genus Lepidosiren with a single species and the Australian genus Neoceratodus, also with one species. The Australian lungfish, Neoceratodus forsteri, which closely resembles the dipnoans of early Mesozoic age, is almost certainly the most primitive of the three modern types. Its long, fusiform body is slightly compressed laterally, and is covered with large, rounded scales. The earliest lungfishes possessed leaf-shaped pectoral and pelvic fins with a strong axial skeleton and a proximal fleshy portion covered with scales. Similar paired fins are present in Neoceratodus

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Nieuwenhuys, R. (1998). Lungfishes. In: The Central Nervous System of Vertebrates. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18262-4_16

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-18262-4_16

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