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Extracellular Matrix Evolution: An Overview

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Evolution of Extracellular Matrix

Part of the book series: Biology of Extracellular Matrix ((BEM))

Abstract

The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a central mediator of multicellularity in the metazoa. ECM bridges between cells, provides mechanical support to tissues and is a source of signalling cues that are important for cell survival, proliferation, differentiation and migration. A structured ECM is apparent in most metazoa, from sponges to humans, with particular complexity in the ECM of vertebrates, where there are many tissue-specific matrix assemblies and innovations of fibril systems. Understanding how the ECM and its associated “adhesome” evolved as a system has important implications for understanding its normal functions throughout life and for applications such as tissue engineering and design of synthetic matrices. This chapter overviews the evolution of central components of basement membranes and connective ECM in light of recent advances from comparative genomics, with emphasis on the numerous components that appear to have originated on the metazoan stem lineage.

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Abbreviations

BLAST:

Basic local alignment search tool

ECM:

Extracellular matrix

EGF:

Epidermal growth factor

EST:

Expressed sequence tag

FN:

Fibronectin

TSP:

Thrombospondin

TSR:

Thrombospondin type 1 domains

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Biochemistry, University of Bristol, Medical Sciences Building, Bristol, BS8 1TD, UK

    Josephine C. Adams

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  1. Josephine C. Adams
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Correspondence to Josephine C. Adams .

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  1. Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada

    Fred W. Keeley

  2. Dept. Cell Biology & Physiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA

    Robert P. Mecham

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Adams, J.C. (2013). Extracellular Matrix Evolution: An Overview. In: Keeley, F., Mecham, R. (eds) Evolution of Extracellular Matrix. Biology of Extracellular Matrix. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-36002-2_1

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