Abstract
The mathematical model of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure volume compensation, introduced by Anthony Marmarou in 1973 and modified in later studies, provides a theoretical basis for differential diagnosis in hydrocephalus. The Servo-Controlled Constant Pressure Test (Umea, Sweden) and Computerised Infusion Test (Cambridge, UK) are based on this model and are designed to compensate for inadequate accuracy of estimation of both the resistance to CSF outflow and elasticity of CSF pressure volume compensation.
Dr. Marmarou’s further works introduced the pressure volume index (PVI), a parameter used to describe CSF compensation in hydrocephalic children and adults. A similar technique has been also utilized in traumatic brain injury (TBI).
The presence of a vascular component of intracranial pressure (ICP) was a concept proposed in the 1980s. Marmarou demonstrated that only around 30% of cases of elevated ICP in patients with TBI could be explained by changes in CSF circulation. The remaining 70% of cases should be attributable to vascular components, which have been proposed as equivalent to raised brain venous pressure.
Professor Marmarou’s work has had a direct impact in the field of contemporary clinical neurosciences, and many of his ideas are still being investigated actively today.
Access this chapter
Tax calculation will be finalised at checkout
Purchases are for personal use only
References
Aschoff A, Kremer P (1998) Determining the best cerebrospinal fluid shunt valve design: the pediatric valve design trial. Neurosurgery 42(4):949–951
Avezaat CJJ, Eijndhoven JHM (1984) Cerebrospinal fluid pulse pressure and craniospinal dynamics. Ph.D. thesis, The Jongbloed an Zoon Publishers, The Hague
Benabid AL (1970) Contribution a l’etude de l’hypertension intracranienne modele mathematique. M.D. thesis, Grenoble University
Czosnyka M, Whitehouse H, Smielewski P et al (1996)Testing of cerebrospinal compensatory reserve in shunted and non-shunted patients: a guide to interpretation based on an observational study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 60:549–558
Czosnyka Z, Czosnyka M, Richards HK et al (1998) Posture-related overdrainage: comparison of the performance of 10 hydrocephalus shunts in vitro. Neurosurgery 42(2):327–333
Davson H, Hollingsworth JR, Segal MD (1970) The mechanism of drainage of the cerebrospinal fluid. Brain 93:665–678
Eklund A, Lundkvist B, Koskinen LO, Malm J (2004) Infusion technique can be used to distinguish between dysfunction of a hydrocephalus shunt system and a progressive dementia. Med Biol Eng Comput 42(5):644–649
Guinane JE (1972) An equivalent circuit analysis of cerebrospinal fluid hydrodynamics. Am J Physiol 223:425–430
Kim DJ, Czosnyka Z, Keong N et al (2009) Index of cerebrospinal compensatory reserve in hydrocephalus. Neurosurgery 64(3):494–501
Lofgren J, Zwetnow NN (1973) The pressure-volume curve of the cerebrospinal fluid space in dogs. Acta Neurol Scand 49:557–574
Marmarou A (1973) A theoretical and experimental of cerebrospinal fluid system. Ph.D. thesis, Drexel University
Marmarou A, Schulman K, LaMorgese J (1975) Compartmental analysis of compliance and outflow resistance of cerebrospinal fluid system. J Neurosurg 43:523–534
Marmarou A, Shulman K, Rosende RM (1978) A non-linear analysis of CSF system and intracranial pressure dynamics. J Neurosurg 48:332–344
Marmarou A, Maset AL, Ward JD, Choi S, Brooks D, Lutz HA, Moulton RJ, Muizelaar JP, DeSalles A, Young HF (1987) Contribution of CSF and vascular factors to elevation of ICP in severely head-injured patients. J Neurosurg 66(6):883–890
Marmarou A, Foda MA, Bandoh K et al (1996) Posttraumatic ventriculomegaly: hydrocephalus or atrophy? A new approach for diagnosis using CSF dynamics. J Neurosurg 85(6):1026–1035
Sliwka S (1980) A clinical system for the evaluation of selected dynamic properties of the intracranial system. Ph.D. thesis, Polish Academy of Sciences, Warsaw (in Polish)
Tisell M, Edsbagge M, Stephensen H et al (2002) Elastance correlates with outcome after endoscopic third ventriculostomy in adults with hydrocephalus caused by primary aqueductal stenosis. Neurosurgery 50:70–76
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Institute of Health Research, Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge University Hospital Foundation Trust – Neurosciences Theme, and a Senior Investigator Award (to J. D. P.).
Disclosure
ICM+ is a software for brain monitoring in clinical/experimental neurosciences (http//www.neurosurg.cam.ac.uk/icmplus/). It is licensed by the University of Cambridge (Cambridge Enterprise Ltd). M.C. has a share in a fraction of the licensing fee.
Conflicts of interest statement what is in Disclosure may be in Conflict of interest.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Editor information
Editors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
Copyright information
© 2012 Springer-Verlag/Wien
About this paper
Cite this paper
Czosnyka, M., Czosnyka, Z., Agarwal-Harding, K.J., Pickard, J.D. (2012). Modeling of CSF Dynamics: Legacy of Professor Anthony Marmarou. In: Aygok, G., Rekate, H. (eds) Hydrocephalus. Acta Neurochirurgica Supplementum, vol 113. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0923-6_2
Download citation
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-0923-6_2
Published:
Publisher Name: Springer, Vienna
Print ISBN: 978-3-7091-0922-9
Online ISBN: 978-3-7091-0923-6
eBook Packages: MedicineMedicine (R0)