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Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Wound Repair, Tissue Homeostasis, and Aging

  • Chapter
Stem Cell Aging: Mechanisms, Consequences, Rejuvenation

Abstract

Wound healing and scar remodeling are complex, multicellular processes that involve coordinated regulation of many cell types and various cytokines. The repair capacity gradually decreases with aging, constituting a severe health problem that frequently affects aged individuals. The decrease in cell number and function of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) is most likely responsible for the decline of tissue regeneration and wound healing. MSCs are endowed with the unique capacity for self-renewal and differentiation into histogenetically distinct cell types required for tissue repair. In addition, by their potential to sense danger signals at the wound site, MSCs are able to adaptively respond to infections and unrestrained macrophage activation and thus control inflammation. These properties make them promising for the treatment of chronic nonhealing wounds in the elderly or even for rejuvenation of the skin and other organs. This review will focus on the physiological and therapeutic roles of MSCs in cutaneous wound healing in the context of age-related chronic wounds and will help to decipher how the aging process affects the overall wound repair capacity of MSCs.

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Abbreviations

AT-MSCs:

Adipose tissue-derived MSCs

MSCs:

Mesenchymal stem cells

BM-MSCs:

Bone-marrow-derived MSCs

EPC:

Endothelial progenitor cells

ESC:

Epidermal stem cells

MHC:

Major histocompatibility complex

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Acknowledgment

We thank Dr. Meinhard Wlaschek for his helpful suggestion and critical discussion for preparing the manuscript. We are grateful to John Wiley & Sons publications for the copyright permission to reproduce Fig. 14.1 in our previous publication in Wound Repair and Regeneration (Wlaschek and Scharffetter-Kochanek 2005). Our work is supported by the European Commission (CASCADE HEALTH-FP7-223236), the German Research Foundation (DFG KFO142 and DFG SFB1149), and the Baden-Württemberg Stiftung (P-BWS-ASII/15) to K.S.-K., and Bausteinförderung from the Medical Faculty, University of Ulm (LSBN.0100) to D.J.

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  1. Department of Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, University of Ulm, Albert-Einstein Allee 23, Ulm, 89091, Germany

    Dongsheng Jiang & Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek

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  2. Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek
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Correspondence to Karin Scharffetter-Kochanek .

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  1. Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany

    Hartmut Geiger

  2. Department of Biology, University of Rochester, Rochester, New York, USA

    Heinrich Jasper

  3. Dermatology and Allergic Diseases, Ulm University, Ulm, Germany

    Maria Carolina Florian

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© 2015 Springer-Verlag Wien

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Jiang, D., Scharffetter-Kochanek, K. (2015). Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Wound Repair, Tissue Homeostasis, and Aging. In: Geiger, H., Jasper, H., Florian, M. (eds) Stem Cell Aging: Mechanisms, Consequences, Rejuvenation. Springer, Vienna. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-7091-1232-8_14

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