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Impact of Pollen

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Allergenic Pollen

Abstract

The impact of pollen on human health is primarily evident in allergic diseases. Sensitized patients can respond to pollen by symptoms of nose, eyes and bronchi. Pollen threshold levels for sensitization are unknown; instead most studies focus on the prevalence of sensitization for different pollen species. The pollen thresholds for symptom development vary among the different studies. Factors that influence the threshold level of a pollen species for symptom development are discussed. (i) Differences in response are observed among individual patients, but also among (ii) ethnic populations, (iii) changes in response to pollen concentrations during the pollen season occur, (iv) the amount of allergens carried by the pollen grains can differ in per region, from day to day and from year to year, and finally (v) threshold levels are affected by environmental factors, like weather conditions (temperature, pressure and storms), and air pollutants.The diversity of factors that influence the health impact of pollen has hampered the definition of a straight forward relationship between pollen and the severity of symptoms. However, within the public, the policymakers and the pharmaceutical industry there is a need for a definition of threshold pollen levels. A first approach to meet this need could be to define preliminary threshold values for different regions, followed by a validation of these preliminary threshold levels with patient symptom scores that can be collected by using new information and communication technology (ICT).

Finally, the possible role of pollen in non allergic diseases is discussed, especially non-allergic respiratory diseases, cardio- and cerebrovascular diseases, and psychiatric diseases, including suicide and suicide attempt.

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Acknowledgements

The authors acknowledge the contributions made by these persons to this chapter:

Rui Brandao1, Andreja Seliger2, Regula Gehrig3, Jean Emberlin4, Ingrida Sauliene5

1Universidade de Evora, University of Evora, Life Sciences, Area Departamental Ciências Natureza e Ambiente Biology, Largo dos Colegiais, Centro de Estudos da Mitra, P-7000 Évora, Portugal

2Institute of public health of the republic of Slovenia, Bohoričeva 15, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Croatia

3MeteoSwiss, Kraehbuehlstrasse 58, 8044 Zurich, Switzerland

4University of Worcester, Health, Social care and Psychology, National Pollen and Aerobiology Research Unit, WR2 6AJ Worcester, UK

5Siauliai university, Environmental reseach,Vilniaus St. 88,LT-76285 Siauliai, Lithuania

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Pulmonology, Leiden University Medical Center, 9600, 2300 RC, Leiden, The Netherlands

    Letty A. de Weger

  2. Charite – Universitatsmedizin Berlin, Klinik fur Dermatologie, Venerologie und Allergologie, Allergie – Centrum – Charite, Chariteplatz 1, 10117, Berlin, Germany

    Karl Christian Bergmann

  3. Aerobiology Unit, Turun Yliopisto, FIN-20014, Turku, Finland

    Auli Rantio-Lehtimäki

  4. Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, 461, SE405 30, Gothenburg, Sweden

    Åslög Dahl

  5. Centre for Allergy and Environment Laboratory for Toxikology and Exposure Research, Technische Universität München, Biedersteinerstrasse 29, 80802, München, Germany

    Jeroen Buters

  6. Association Française d`Etude des Ambroisies AFEDA, 25 Rue Ambroise Paré, 69800, Saint-Priest, France

    Chantal Déchamp

  7. Facultat de Biociències, Departament de Biologia Animal, Biologia Vegetal i Ecologia, Unitat Botànica, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Edifici C, E-08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain

    Jordina Belmonte

  8. Réseau National de Surveillance Aérobiologique (RNSA), Chemin des Gardes, 69610, St Genis l`Argentière, France

    Michel Thibaudon

  9. Interdepartmental Centre of Bioclimatology, University of Florence, Piazzale delle Cascine 18, 50144, Florence, Italy

    Lorenzo Cecchi

  10. Climat et Santé, Faculté de Médecine, Centre Universitaire d’Épidémiologie de Population, 87900, 21079, Dijon Cedex, France

    Jean-Pierre Besancenot

  11. Faculty of Science, Department of Botany, Ecology and Plant Physiology, University of Córdoba, Campus de Rabanales, Edificio Celestino Mutis, 14071, Córdoba, Spain

    Carmen Galán

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  1. Erik Palmenin Aukio 1, Helsinki, 00561, Finland

    Mikhail Sofiev

  2. Foundation German Pollen Information Ser, Luisenstrasse 2, Berlin, 10117, Germany

    Karl-Christian Bergmann

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de Weger, L.A. et al. (2013). Impact of Pollen. In: Sofiev, M., Bergmann, KC. (eds) Allergenic Pollen. Springer, Dordrecht. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-4881-1_6

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