Abstract
The execution of proper Ca2+ signaling requires close apposition between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and mitochondria. Hence, Ca2+ released from the ER is “quasi-synaptically” transferred to mitochondrial matrix, where Ca2+ stimulates mitochondrial ATP synthesis by activating the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle. However, when the Ca2+ transfer is excessive and sustained, mitochondrial Ca2+ overload induces apoptosis by opening the mitochondrial permeability transition pore. A large number of regulatory proteins reside at mitochondria-associated ER membranes (MAMs) to maintain the optimal distance between the organelles and to coordinate the functionality of both ER and mitochondrial Ca2+ transporters or channels. In this chapter, we discuss the different pathways involved in the regulation of ER-mitochondria Ca2+ flux and describe the activities of the various Ca2+ players based on their primary intra-organelle localization.
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Acknowledgments
P.P. is grateful to Camilla degli Scrovegni for continuous support. P.P. is supported by: Telethon (GGP15219/B), the Italian Association for Cancer Research (AIRC) (IG-18624), the Italian Cystic Fibrosis Research Foundation (19/2014), the Italian Ministry of Education, University and Research (COFIN no. 20129JLHSY_002, FIRB no. RBAP11FXBC_002, and Futuro in Ricerca no. RBFR10EGVP_001), local funds from the University of Ferrara and the Italian Ministry of Health. C.G is supported by AIRC (MFAG-13521), the Italian Ministry of Health, Cariplo and local funds from the University of Ferrara. S.P. is supported by a research fellowship FISM—Fondazione Italiana Sclerosi Multipla—cod. 2014/B/3. GB and JBP are supported by grants from the Research Foundation - Flanders (FWO) (grants G.0571.12N, G.0819.13N, G.0C91.14N, G.0927.15N and G.0A34.16N) and the Research Council - KU Leuven (OT14/101). MB and MK are holders of a Ph.D. Fellowship from the FWO.
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Marchi, S. et al. (2017). Endoplasmic Reticulum-Mitochondria Communication Through Ca2+ Signaling: The Importance of Mitochondria-Associated Membranes (MAMs). In: Tagaya, M., Simmen, T. (eds) Organelle Contact Sites. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology, vol 997. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-4567-7_4
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