Summary
The theoretical concepts underlying the neural origin of tinnitus are outlined. Several neurophysiological models are reviewed critically and the impact of the pathological ensemble spontaneous activity of the auditory system for the diagnosis and therapy of tinnitus is described in more detail.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aran M, Cazals Y (1981) Electrical suppression of tinnitus. In: Evered D, Lawrenson G (eds) Tinnitus. (CIBA Found Symp 85) Pitman, London, pp 217–231
Dolan DF, Nuttall AL, Avinash G (1990) Asynchronous neural activity recorded from the round window. J Acoust Soc Am 87:2621–2627
Douek E (1987) Tinnitus following surgery. In: Feldmann (ed) Third International Tinnitus Seminar. Harsch, Karlsruhe, pp 64–69
Eggermont JJ (1990) On the pathophysiology of tinnitus: a review and peripheral model. Hear Res 48:111–124
Evans EF, Wilson JP, Borerwe TA (1981) Animal models of tinnitus. In: Evered D, Lawrenson G (eds) Tinnitus. (CIBA Found Symp 85). Pitman, London, pp 108–138
Feldmann H (1988) Pathophysiology of tinnitus. In: Kitahara M (ed) Tinnitus — athophysiology and management. Igaku-Shoin, Tokyo, pp 7–35
Hazell JWP (1987) A cochlear model for tinnitus. In: Feldmann H (ed) Third International Tinnitus Seminar. Harsch, Karlsruhe, pp 121–128
Hoke M, Feldmann H, Pantev C, Lüttkenhöfer B, Lehnertz K (1989) Objective evidence of tinnitus in auditory evoked magnetic fields. Hear Res 37:281–286
House JW, Brackmann DE (1981) Tinnitus: surgical treatment. In: Evered D, Lawrenson G (eds) Tinnitus. (CIBA Found Symp 85). Pitman, London, pp 204–212
Jacobson GP, Ahmad BK, Mpran J, Newman CW, Tepley N, Wharton J (1991) Auditory evoked magnetic field (M100–M200) measurements in tinnitus and normal groups. Hear Res 56:44–52
Jastreboff PJ, Sasaki CT (1986) Salicylate-induced changes in spontaneous activity of single units in the inferior colliculus of the guinea pig. J Acoust Soc Am 80:1384–1391
Kiang NYS, Moxon EC, Levine LA (1970) Auditory-nerve activity in cats with normal and abnormal cochleas. In: Wolsten-holme GEW, Knight J (eds) Sensorineural hearing loss. Churchill Livingstone, London, pp 241–273
Lenarz T (1986) Treatment of tinnitus with lidocaine and tocainamide. Scand Audiol 26 [Suppl]: 49–51
Lenarz T (1989) Medikamentöse Tinnitustherapie. Klinische und tierexperimentelle Untersuchungen zur Pharmakologie der Hörbahn. Thieme, Stuttgart
Lenarz T (1992) Medikamentöse Therapie. In: Feldmann H, Lenarz T, Wedel H von (Hrsg) Tinnitus. Thieme, Stuttgart, 101–112
Liberman MC, Kiang NYS (1978) Acoustic trauma in cats. Cochlear pathology and auditory nerve activity. Acta Otolaryngol 358 [Suppl]:1–63
McFadden D (1982) Tinnitus: facts, theories and treatments. National Academic Press, Washington
Melzack R, Wall PD (1965) Pain mechanisms: a new theory. Science 150:971–979
Moller AR (1984) Pathophysiology of tinnitus. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol 93:39–44
Moller M (1987) Vascular compression of the eighth nerve a cause of tinnitus. In: Feldmann H (ed) Third International Tinnitus Seminar. Harsch, Karlsruhe, pp 340–347
Oliveira CA, Schuknecht BY, Glynn RJ (1990) In search of cochlear morphological correlates for tinnitus. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 116:937–939
Probst R (1990) Otoacoustic emissions: an overview. Adv Otorhinolaryngology 44:1–91
Ronis ML (1981) Panel Discussion. In: Shulman A (ed) Tinnitus. Proceedings of the First International Tinnitus Seminar. J Laryngol Otol 4 [Suppl]:145–146
Salvi RJ, Ahroon WA (1983) Tinnitus and neural activity. J Speech Hear Res 26:629–632
Sasaki CT, Babitz L, Kauer JS (1981) Tinnitus: development of a neurophysiological correlate. Laryngoscope 91:2018–2024
Schreiner CE, Snyder RL (1987) A physiological animal model of peripheral tinnitus. In: Feldmann H (ed) Third International Tinnitus Seminar. Harsch, Karlsruhe, pp 100–106
Schreiner CE, Snyder RL, Johnstone BM (1986) Effects of extracochlear direct current stimulation of the ensemble auditory nerve activity of cats. Hear Res 21:213–226
Siegel JH, Kim DO (1982) Efferent neural control of cochlear mechanics? Olivocochlear bundle stimulation affects cochlear biomechanical nonlinearity. Hear Res 6:171–182
Tonndorf J (1987) The origin of tinnitus — a new hypothesis in analogy with pain. In: Feldmann H (ed) Third International Tinnitus Seminar. Harsch, Karlsruhe, pp 70–74
Vernon J (1988) Current use of masking for the relief of tinnitus. In: Kitahara M (ed) Tinnitus. Pathophysiology and management. Igaku-Shoin, Tokyo, pp 96–106
Wigand ME, Hellweg FC, Berg M (1982) Tinnitus nach Eingriffen am achten Hirnnerven. Laryngol Rhinol Otol 61:132–134
Zenner HP, Ernst A (1992) Sound preprocessing by a.c. and d. c. movements of cochlear outer hair cells. Prog Brain Res (in press)
Zenner HP, Ernst A (in press) Cochlear motor tinnitus, transduction tinnitus and signal transfer tinnitus: three models of cochlear tinnitus. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol
Zurek PM (1981) Spontaneous narrowband acoustic signals emitted by human ears. J Acoust Soc Am 68:515–523
Zwicker E (1987) Objective otoacoustic emissions and their uncorrelation to tinnitus. In: Feldmann H (ed) Third International Tinnitus Seminar. Harsch, Karlsruhe, pp 75–81
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Correspondence to: T. Lenarz
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Lenarz, T., Schreiner, C., Snyder, R.L. et al. Neural mechanisms of tinnitus. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol 249, 441–446 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00168851
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00168851