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Bacteriology and complications of chronic pilonidal sinus treated with excision and primary suture

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Abstract

Two prospective studies were undertaken to examine the role of bacteria in the outcome after excision and primary suture for chronic pilonidal sinus disease. In the first study 52 consecutive patients were given cloxacillin as prophylaxis. In a second randomised study 51 patients were given 2 g cefoxitin intravenously (n=25) or no prophylaxis (n=26). From 49 out of 98 patients (50%) no microorgansims were isolated from sinuses preoperatively. Wound complications were observed postoperatiely in 61% of the patients (63/103). A postoperative bacteriology sample was positive in 47 of 49 samples (96%). Preoperative presence of bacteria was not significantly associated with wound complications. Anaerobe isolates were present in 40% of patients preoperatively whereas aerobes were cultured in 43% postoperatively. After an observation period of 30–42 months, recurrences were 13% among the patients (7/52) who had been given cloxacillin. No recurrences were seen in the last study after an observation period of 18–30 months, for an overall 7% in both studies. We conclude that preoperative bacterial isolates, usually anaerobes, in chronic pilonidal sinuses do not influence the complication rate since bacterial isolates from infected wounds are mostly aerobes.

Résumé

Deux études prospectives ont été entreprises afin d'examiner le rôle d'une surinfection bactérienne dans les résultats des excisions avec suture primaire des sinus pilonidaux chroniques. Dans la première étude 52 patients consécutifs ont reçu une prophylaxie de clocacillin. Dans la deuxième étude randomisée 51 patients ont reçu soit 2 grammes de cefoxitin intraveineux (n=25) ou aucune prophylaxie (n=26). Chez 49 des 98 patients (50%) aucun micro-organisme n'a été isolé du sinus en préopératoire. Les complications septiques ont été observés en postopératoire chez 61% des patients (63/103). Une culture positive a été retrouvée chez 47 des 49 prélèvements postopératoires (96%). La présence préopératoire de bactéries n'a pas été associée de manière significative avec les complications postopératoires. Les germes anaérobes ont été isolés chez 40% des patients préopératoires alors que des aérobes étaient cultivés chez 43% en postopératoire. Après une période de 30 à 42 mois des récidives sont apparues chez 13% (7/52) qui avaient reçu de la cloxacillin. Aucune récidive n'a été observée dans la deuxième étude après une période d'observation de 18 à 30 mois. Le taux moyen des récidives est de 7% dans les deux études. Nous concluons de cette étude que la présence préopératoire de bactéries, habituellement des anaérobes, dans des sinus pilonidaux chroniques n'influencent pas le taux de complications postopératoires, étant donné que l'on ne retrouve le plus souvent en cas de surinfection que des germes aérobes.

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Søndenaa, K., Nesvik, I., Andersen, E. et al. Bacteriology and complications of chronic pilonidal sinus treated with excision and primary suture. Int J Colorect Dis 10, 161–166 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00298540

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