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Management of the herniated lumbar disc: the outcome after chemonucleolysis, surgical disc excision and conservative treatments

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Résumé

Au cours des onze années allant de 1978 à 1988, 624 patients présentant une suspicion de hernie discale ont été explorés par saccoradiculographie. Des signes positifs comme une encoche d'imprégnation et/ou un défaut de remplissage des gaines radiculaires ont été retrouvés chez 508 patients (81.4%). Les patients présentant une suspicion de sténose lombaire ont été exclus de l'étude. Le traitement a été choisi selon les préférences du praticien responsable. 146 patients ont été traités par chimionucléolyse, 152 ont subi un traitement chirurgical avec laminectomie/fenestration et discectomie. 210 patients en attente d'un traitement complémentaire (bien qu'initialement traités par chimionucléolyse ou laminectomie), ont éprouvé une amélioration de leur symptomatologie alors qu'ils attendaient une réhospitalisation ou ont refusé l'opération et de ce fait ont continué les traitements conservateurs (comme la physiothérapie, les manipulations sous anesthésie et les injections épidurales ou locales). Selon les données du questionnaire et des examens cliniques répétés, 78% des patients traités par chimionucléolyse étaint satisfaits de leur traitement (soit que les symptômes aient disparu, soit qu'ils aient été nettement améliorés ou améliorés). Le nombre de patients satisfaits après discectomie chirurgicale, ou traitement conservateur était significativement moins élevé (respectivement 71% et 61%; P<0.001). Les patients souffrant depuis moins d'un an ont présenté de meilleurs résultats après nucléolyse et laminectomie, alors que ceux qui présentaient une évolution plus longue (plus de deux ans) ont tiré plus d'avantages des méthodes conservatives. Chez les patients présentant une aggravation ou une persistance des symptômes après le traitement, 46% avaient repris le travail, 51% après chirurgie et 42% après un traitement conservateur. Le résultat était indépendant de la taille de la hernie. Bien que ce travail soit une étude rétrospective, c'est le premier rapport comparant les résultats à la suite de la chimionucléolyse, de la chirurgie et des traitements conservateurs chez des patients présentant une hernie discale confirmée par saccoradiculographie.

Summary

In the 11-year period from 1978 and 1988, myelography was performed on 624 patients with suspected herniated lumbar discs. Positive findings, defined as an indentation of the contrast-filled dural sac and/or lack of contrast filling of the nerve roots, were found in 508 (81.4%) patients. Patients with suspected spinal stenosis were excluded from the study. The choice of treatment was determined by the preference of the consultant in charge. In all, 146 patients were treated by chemonucleolysis, 152 patients underwent surgical excision of the disc via laminectomy/fenestration, while 210 patients were listed for further treatment (albeit chemonucleolysis or laminectomy) but sustained relief of symptoms whilst waiting for admission or refused further intervention and consequently continued conservative treatments (such as physiotherapy, manipulations under anaesthetic, epidural or local injections). Following a repetitive questionnaire and clinical review, 78% of those patients that had undergone chemonucleolysis were satisfied with their treatment (i.e. symptoms were either ‘gone’, ‘much better’ or ‘better’). Significantly fewer patients were satisfied after surgical disc excision or conservative treatments (71% and 61%, respectively; P<0.001). Whereas patients with a short duration of symptoms (less than 1 year) achieved the best outcome after chemonucleolysis and laminectomy, patients with a prolonged history (greater than 2 years) benefitted most from conservative methods. Of those patients in whom symptoms were considered to be worse or the same following treatment, 46%, 51% and 42% were still working following chemonucleolysis, surgery and conservative treatment, respectively. The outcome did not depend upon the size of the disc involved. Although this is a retrospective study, it is the first report to compare the outcome following chemonucleolysis, surgery and conservative methods in patients with disc prolapse confirmed by myelography.

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Abdel-Salam, A., Eyres, K.S. & Cleary, J. Management of the herniated lumbar disc: the outcome after chemonucleolysis, surgical disc excision and conservative treatments. Eur Spine J 1, 89–95 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00300933

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