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The neurophysiological significance of perineal descent

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Abstract

The establishment of a linear relationship between perineal descent (PD) and pudendal nerve motor terminal latency (PNMTL) is important in understanding the pathophysiology of pudendal neuropathy. The amount of stretching of the pudendal nerve resulting from the extent of PD, should correlate with the amount of injury sustained (PNMTL). The two key previous studies which used different techniques to measure PD, have differed on this vital issue. A prospective study was undertaken in 141 consecutive patients with PD (M:F=57:84; mean age 46.3 SEM 1.6 years) to clarify this discrepancy. The patients had chronic constipation (81), neurogenic faecal incontinence (31), rectal mucosal prolapse (17) or female urinary stress incontinence (9). All underwent measurements of PD (by perineometry), anal sphincter pressures, single fibre anal sphincter electromyography and PNMTL. These variables, as well as age were analyzed for a linear relationship with PD by multiple regression analysis. Age was the only independent variable predicting PD at rest (T=-3.2; p<0.005). PNMTL was the only independent variable predicting PD on straining (T=-3.0; p<0.005). In conclusion, a linear relationship between PD on straining and PNMTL was confirmed, supporting the previous study which also measured PD by perineometry. The other study which refuted such a relationship measured PD radiologically, and it is likely that the difference was in the measurement technique.

Résumé

La mise en évidence d'une relation linéaire entre la descente périnéale (PD) et le temps de latence du nerf honteux interne (PNMTL) est importante dans la compréhension de la physiopathologie d'une neuropathie du nerf honteux. La mesure de l'étirement du nerf honteux résultant d'une augmentation de la descente du périnée doit corréler avec l'importance de l'atteinte nerveuse (PNMTL). Les deux études clé précédentes qui utilisaient différentes techniques de mesure du périnée descendant étaient divergentes quant à cette conclusion essentielle. Une étude prospective a été entreprise sur 141 patients consécutifs avec un périnée descendant afin d'éclaircir cette divergence (M:F=57:84; age moyen 46.3 en ±1,6). Les patients souffraient de constipation chronique (81), d'incontinence fécale neurogénique (31), de prolapsus muqueux rectal (17) ou d'incontinence urinaire de stress chez la femme (9). Dans tous les cas, on a réalisé une mesure du périnée descendant par périnéométrie, des mesures des pressions sphinctériennes, une électromyographie à fibre unique des sphincters et une mesure du temps de latence du nerf honteux interne. Ces variables de même que l'âge ont été étudiés par une analyse à régression multiple afin de mettre en évidence une relation linéaire avec le périnée descendant. L'âge est la seule variable indépendante qui prédise un périnée descendant au repos (T=3,2, P<0.005). Le temps de latence du nerf honteux interne était la seule variable prédisant le périnée descendant à l'effort (T=3.0, P<0.005). En conclusion, nous pouvons confirmer une relation linéaire entre le périnée descendant, l'effort d'exonération et le temps de latence du nerf honteux interne confirmant en cela une étude antérieure qui confirme également le périnée descendant par périnéométrie. L'autre étude qui réfutait une telle relation n'était établie que sur une mesure radiologique du périnée descendant, aussi est-il probable que la différence résulte de la technique de mensurations.

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Ho, Y.H., Goh, H.S. The neurophysiological significance of perineal descent. Int J Colorect Dis 10, 107–111 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00341208

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