Skip to main content
Log in

Dampness and molds in day-care centers as an occupational health problem

  • Original Article
  • Published:
International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

To assess the occurrence of respiratory and other symptoms among workers in relation to dampness in day-care centers, a random sample of 30 day-care centers in the city of Espoo, Finland, was selected for the study. The study population consisted of 268 female day-care workers, who filled in a questionnaire. Dampness was found to be common: water damage had taken place in 70% of the centers, and workers perceived mold odor in 17% of them. Adjusted risk of work-related eye and respiratory symptoms was in general higher among the day-care workers exposed to both water damage and mold odor than among the unexposed. The prevalence of eye symptoms was statistically significantly higher. The results provide new evidence of the importance of dampness and mold problems in the work environment as determinants of respiratory and irritative symptoms.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Andrae S, Axelson O, Björksten B, Fredriksson M, Kjellman N-I (1988) Symptoms of bronchial hyperreactivity and asthma in relation to environmental factors. Arch Dis Child 63:473–478.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brunekreef B (1992a) Associations between questionnaire reports of home dampness and childhood respiratory symptoms. Sci Tot Environ 127:79–89.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brunekreef B (1992b) Damp housing and adult respiratory symptoms. Allergy 47:498–502.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brunekreef B, Dockery DW, Speizer FE, Ware JH, Spengler JD, Ferris BG (1989) Home dampness and respiratory morbidity in children. Am Rev Respir Dis 140:1363–1367.

    Google Scholar 

  • Burr ML, St Leger AS, Yarnell JWG (1981) Wheezing, dampness and coal fires. Commun Med 3:205–209.

    Google Scholar 

  • Dales RE, Burnett R, Zwanenburg H (1991a) Adverse health effects among adults exposed to home dampness and molds. Am Rev Respir Dis 143:505–509.

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dales RE, Zwanenburg H, Burnett R, Franklin CA (1991b) Respiratory health effects of home dampness and molds among Canadian children. Am J Epidemiol 134:196–203.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ferris BG Jr (1978) Epidemiology standardization project. Am Rev Respir Dis 118:1–120.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hosmer DW, Lemeshow S (1989) Applied logistic regression. John Wiley, New York.

    Google Scholar 

  • Hyndman SJ (1990) Housing dampness and health amongst British Bengalis in East London. Soc Sci Med 30:131–141.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Hyvärinen A, Reponen T, Husman T, Ruuskanen J, Nevalainen A (1993) Characterizing mold problem buildings — concentrations and flora of viable fungi. Indoor Air 3:337–343.

    Google Scholar 

  • Jaakkola JJK, Jaakkola N, Ruotsalainen R (1993) Home dampness and molds as determinants of respiratory symptoms and asthma in pre-school children. J Expos Anal Environ Epidemiol 3:129–142

    Google Scholar 

  • Martin CJ, Platt SD, Hunt SJ (1987) Housing conditions and ill health. Br Med J 294:1125–1127.

    Google Scholar 

  • Miettinen OS (1985) Theoretical epidemiology. Principles of occurrence research. John Wiley, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • NAWH (National Research and Development Center for Welfare and Health) (1990) Statistics of social and health care (in Finnish)

  • Platt SD, Martin CJ, Hunt SM, Lewis CW (1989) Damp housing, mould growth, and symptomatic health state. Br Med J 298:1673–1678.

    Google Scholar 

  • Ruotsalainen R, Jaakkola N, Jaakkola JJK (1993) Ventilation and indoor air quality in Finnish daycare centers. Environ Int 19:109–119.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strachan DP (1988) Damp housing and childhood asthma: validation of reporting of symptoms. Br Med J 297:1223–1226.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strachan DP, Sanders CH (1989) Damp housing and childhood asthma; respiratory effects of indoor air temperature and relative humidity. J Epidemiol Community Health 43:7–14.

    Google Scholar 

  • Strachan DP, Flannigan B, McCabe EM, McGarry F (1990) Quantification of airborne moulds in the homes of children with and without wheeze. Thorax 45:382–387.

    Google Scholar 

  • Waegemaekers M, Van Wageningen N, Brunekreef B, Boleij JSM (1989) Respiratory symptoms in damp homes. Allergy 44:192–198.

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ruotsalainen, R., Jaakkola, N. & Jaakkola, J.J.K. Dampness and molds in day-care centers as an occupational health problem. Int. Arch Occup Environ Heath 66, 369–374 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00383142

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00383142

Key words

Navigation