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Acute localized diverticulitis: Optimum management requires accurate staging

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Abstract

Between 1977 and 1989, 151 patients were treated in our institution for acute sigmoid diverticulitis. Thirty-one patients were operated on for diffuse peritonitis, and were excluded from the study. One hundred twenty patients had localized disease. There were 59 men and 61 women, with a mean age of 60 years (range, 30 to 87 years). Thirteen were under 40 years of age. A “phlegmonous” diverticulitis (no pericolic abscess) was diagnosed in 78 cases (group I). A pericolic abscess was identified in 42 cases (group II). The medical treatment was successful in 97% of the patients of the group I. Only 15 patients required a delayed elective resection for recurrence or chronic complications, within the next 24 months. There were no operative deaths. All the other patients were doing well after a mean follow-up of 5 years (9–144 months), without any disease-related death. Patients presenting with a localized pericolic abscess (group II,n=42) were initially treated either conservatively (n=22) or by a more or less extensive drainage (n=20). There were two deaths in the “conservative” group. Primary or delayed colonic resection was indicated in 34 cases because of uncontrolled sepsis, recurrence or secondary chronic complications. It is concluded that accurate classification of the disease is essential. If no peritonitis has developed, the presence of an abscess is the main determinant in both prognosis and treatment. Most patients who develop an acute phlegmonous diverticulitis do well with conservative treatment, and prophylactic resection is not indicated. Curative colectomy is reserved for patients developing persistent complications over the next few months. On the other hand, high rates of recurrence and complication are observed among the patients with a pericolic abscess. Drainage of the abscess, possibly followed by a secondary elective colectomy, could be the appropriate treatment.

Résumé

Entre 1977 et 1989 151 malades ont été traités dans notre institution pour une diverticulite aigue du sigmoide. 31 malades ont été opérés pour une péritonite diffuse et ont été exclus de cette étude. 120 malades avaient une maladie localisée. Il y a avait 59 hommes et 61 femmes d'un âge moyen de 60 ans (30–87 ans). 13 étaient âgés de 40 ans ou moins. “Une diverticulite phlegmoneuse” (sans abcès péricolique) fut diagnostiquée dans 78 cas (groupe I). Un abcès péricolique a été identifié dans 42 cas (groupe II). Le traitement médical fut couronné de succès chez 97 % des patients du groupe I.15 patients seulement ont nécessité une résection élective retardée pour récidive ou complication chronique dans les 24 mois suivants. Il n'y a pas eu décès opératoire. Tous les autres patients allaient bien après une surveillance moyenne de 5 ans (9–144 mois) sans aucune cause de mort en relation avec la maladie. Les patients présentant un abcès péricolique localisé (groupe II,n=42) furent initialement traités soit conservativement (n=22), soit par un drainage plus ou moins extensif (n=20). Il y eut 2 morts dans le groupe “conservatif”. Une résection colique d'emblée ou retardée fut indiquée dans 34 cas en raison d'une suppuration incontrôlée, d'une récidive ou de complications chroniques secondaires. On conclut qu'une classification appropriée de la maladie est essentielle. Si il n'y a pas de péritonite, la présence d'un abcès est le principal facteur à la fois de pronostic et de traitement. La plupart des patients qui developpent une diverticulite phegmoneuse aigue vont bien avec un traitement conservateur et la résection prophylactique n'est pas indiquée. La colectomie curative est réservée aux patients qui développent des complications chroniques dans les quelques mois suivants. D'autre part, un pourcentage de récidives et de complications élevé fut observé chez les patients qui avaient un abcès péricolique. Le drainage de l'abcès, eventuellement suivi d'une colectomie élective secondaire, pourrait être le traitement approprié.

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Detry, R., Jamez, J., Kartheuser, A. et al. Acute localized diverticulitis: Optimum management requires accurate staging. Int J Colorect Dis 7, 38–42 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01647660

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