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Comparative efficacies of closantel, ivermectin, oxfendazole, thiophanate and levamisole against thiabendazole resistantHaemonchus contortus in sheep

Comparaison De l'Efficacite Du Closantel, De l'Ivermectin, De l'Oxfendazole, Du Thiophanate Et Du Levamisole Dans l'Eliminationd'Haemonchus Contortus Resistant Au Thiabendazole Chez Le Mouton

Comparacion De La Eficacia De Closantel, Ivermectina, Oxfendazol, Tiofanato Y Levamisol ContraHaemonchus Contortus Resistente A Tiabendazol En Ovino

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Summary

Forty-nine sheep artificially exposed to a thiabendazole (TBZ) resistant isolate ofHaemonchus contortus were assigned to 7 groups of 7 animals each and used to conduct a controlled anthelmintic trial. One group of sheep served as untreated infected controls and 6 groups were treated as follows: closantel, 5·0 mg kg−1; ivermectin, 0·2 mg kg−1; oxfendazole, 5·0 mg kg−1; thiophanate, 50 mg kg−1, levamisole, 7·5 mg kg−1 and thiabendazole, 66 mg kg−1. Eggs per gram of faeces were determined on days 21, 24 and day 34 (10 days post-treatment) after infection and all animals were necropsied for residual worm counts. The calculated efficacies of the treatments againstH. contortus as indicated by worm reduction were closantel (100%), ivermectin (99·3%), oxfendazole (35·2%), thiophanate (56·7%), levamisole (98·6%) and thiabendazole (24·3%). The data therefore indicate that the TBZ-resistant isolate ofH. contortus used was highly resistant to the 2 benzimidazole (BZ) anthelmintics, oxfendazole and thiophanate. This is the first report in Kenya of a field strain ofH. contortus resistant to thiophanate.

Résumé

Quarante neuf moutons infectés artificiellement par une souche d'Haemonchus contortus résistante au thiabendazole (TBZ) furent regroupés par 7 et utilisés dans une expérience controllée anti-helminthique. Un groupe de mouton utilisé comme contrôle ne fut pas traité, les 6 autres groupes furent traités comme suit: closantel, 5,0 mg kg−1; ivermectin, 0,2 mg kg−1; oxfendazole, 5,0 mg kg−1; thiophanate, 50 mg kg−1; levamisole, 7,5 mg kg−1 et thiabendazole, 66 mg kg−1. Le nombre d'oeufs par gramme de faèces fut déterminé après 21, 24 et 34 jours (10 jours après traitement) après infections, tous les animaux furent sacrifiés pour compter les parasites résiduels. L'efficacité calculée des traitements contreH. contortus tenant compte de la réduction du parasite fut: closantel (100%), ivermectin (99,3%), oxfendazole (35,2%), thiophanate (56,7%), levamisole (98,6%) et thiabendazole (24,3%). De plus les données indiquent que la souche résistante au TB2 deH. contortus fut très résistante aux 2 benzimidazole (BZ) anti-helminthiques, l'oxfendazole et le thiophanate. Ceci est la première observation faite au Kenya sur une souche environnementale deH. contortus résistante au thiophanate.

Resumen

En el trabajo se utilizaron 49 corderos que habían sido expuestos a una estirpe deHaemonchus contortus resistente a tiabendazol (TBZ). Los animales fueron distribuidos al azar en 7 grupos de 7 individuos cada uno con objeto de realizar un ensayo antihelmíntico. Uno de los grupos fue utilizado como control y los otros 6 recibieron uno de los siguientes tratamientos: closantel, 5·0 mg kg−1; ivermectina, 0·2 mg kg−1; oxfendazol, 5·0 mg kg−1; tiofanato, 50 mg kg−1; levamisol, 7·5 mg kg−1 y tiabendazol, 66 mg kg−1. Los días 21, 24 y 34 post-infección (10 días después del tratamiento) se determinó el número de huevos por gramo de heces y al finalizar el experimento todos los animales fueron necropsiados para realizar un recuento de parásitos. Las eficacias de los diferentes tratamientos contraH. contortus determinada a partir de la reducción de la carga parasitaria fueron las siguientes: closantel, 100%; ivermectina, 99·3%; oxfendazol, 35·2%; tiofanata, 56·7%; levamisol, 98·6%, y tiabendazol, 24·3%. Los datos indican por consiguiente que la estirpe deH. contortus resistente a TBZ fue también muy resistente a los dos antihelmínticos benzimidazólicos utilizados, es decir, oxfendazol y tiofanato. Este es el primer estudio realizado en Kenya de una estirpe de campo deH. contortus resistente a tiofanato.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Veterinary Pathology and Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kabete, PO Box, 29053, Nairobi

    R. M. Waruiru, E. H. Weda, R. O. Otieno & J. W. Ngotho

  2. Danish Centre for Experimental Parasitology, Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Royal Veterinary and Agricultural University, 13 Bulowsvej, DK-1870, Frederiksberg C, Denmark

    H. O. Bøgh

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  1. R. M. Waruiru
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  2. E. H. Weda
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  3. R. O. Otieno
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  4. J. W. Ngotho
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  5. H. O. Bøgh
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Waruiru, R.M., Weda, E.H., Otieno, R.O. et al. Comparative efficacies of closantel, ivermectin, oxfendazole, thiophanate and levamisole against thiabendazole resistantHaemonchus contortus in sheep. Trop Anim Health Prod 28, 216–220 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02240938

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