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Anatomic study of the tendinous rotator cuff of the shoulder

Étude anatomique de la vascularisation des tendons des muscles de la coiffe des rotateurs de l'épaule

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Summary

The aim of this study was a better understanding of the role of the vascular supply as a pathogenic factor in rotator cuff disease. Twenty-five shoulders from unembalmed cadavers were studied after injection of the upper limb aa. with barium sulfate. The predominant arteries were the vessels of the subscapularis m. These branches originated from the axillary a. the anterior circumflex humeral a., and the posterior circumflex humeral a. The supraspinatus m. was supplied by the suprascapular a. but the acromial branch of the thoracoacromial a. supplied the tendon of the supraspinatus. The infraspinatus and teres minor tendons were vascularised by the ascending branches of the posterior circumflex humeral a. The tendon of the long head of the biceps brachii m. was supplied by a branch termed the “arcuate artery” [7] and by a branch we describe derived from the brachial a. at the level of the latissimus dorsi tendon and travelling in a true mesotendon. There is a very real critical zone, with a lesser blood-flow, 1.5 cm from greater tubercle, situated mainly at the supraspinatus tendon. This is a convergence zone of the anterior and posterior circumflex humeral aa., the suprahumeral a. [14] and the thoracoacromial a. The histologic studies confirmed the poor vascularity of this critical zone.

Résumé

Les auteurs ont disséqué 25 épaules injectées à la baryte, pour comprendre la responsabilité de la vascularisation dans les lésions dégénératives des tendons de la coiffe des rotateurs de l'épaule. La vascularisation la plus riche était celle du m. sub-scapulaire avec des branches issues de l'a. axillaire, des branches naissant de l'a. circonflexe humérale antérieure, ainsi que de l'a. circonflexe humérale postérieure. Le m. supra-épineux était vascularisé par l'a. supra-scapulaire. La branche acromiale de l'a. thoraco-acromiale tenait sous sa dépendance le tendon du m. supra-épineux. Les tendons des mm. infra-épineux et petit rond étaient vascularisés par des branches ascendantes de l'a. circonflexe humérale postérieure. Le tendon du chef long du m. biceps brachial était vascularisé par une branche de “l'artère arquée” et par une branche que nous décrivons issue de l'a. brachiale au niveau du tendon du m. grand dorsal et cheminant dans un véritable méso. Il existe bien une zone critique, moins vascularisée, située à 1,5 cm du tubercule majeur de l'humérus, siégeant essentiellement sur le tendon du m. supra-épineux. C'est une zone de convergence des aa. circonflexes humérale antérieure et postérieure, supra-humérale et thoraco-acromiale. Les études histologiques ont confirmé la pauvreté vasculaire de la zone critique.

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Determe, D., Rongières, M., Kany, J. et al. Anatomic study of the tendinous rotator cuff of the shoulder. Surg Radiol Anat 18, 195–200 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02346127

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