Skip to main content
Log in

Management of infected tibial intramedullary nailing using an organized treatment protocol

Utilisation d’un protocole thérapeutique dans le traitement des enclouages centromédullaires du tibia

  • European Bone And Joint Infection Society Meeting, München, Germany — October 7–9, 1993
  • Published:
European Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery & Traumatology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Twenty cases of osteomyelitis following intramedullary nailing of the tibial shaft fracture were managed with a prospective treatment protocol comprising intramedullary reaming debridement, antibiotic-bead depot, external skeletal fixation, microvascular muscle flap and early cancellous bone grafting. The follow-up period ranged from 25 to 48 months (average, 34.3 months). Pseudomonas aeruginosa (37.5%) and staphylococcus aureus (20.8%) were the organisms most commonly involved. There were 8 united and 12 ununited fractures after reaming debridement surgery. Nineteen infections were initially arrested by one debridement. One infection was arrested by two sequential debridements. All 12 ununited fractures were stabilized by Hoffmann unilateral external fixation until the fracture healed. The time spent in external fixation ranged from 3 to 7 months (average, 5.2 months). Early cancellous bone grafting was successfully accomplished for 9 ununited fractures with major debridement bone loss. The average union time of the 9 fractures with bone grafting was 7.2 months (range, from 6 to 8 months). We believe that this treatment protocol gives a predictable and rapid recovery. The complications were infection recurrence in two cases at the old tibial shaft fracture sites, minor pin tract infection of Hoffmann external fixators in two cases, and stiffness in two ankles and one knee.

Résumé

Vingt cas d’ostéomyélite après enclouage centromédullaire pour fracture de la diaphyse tibiale furent traités de manière prospective comprenant un débridement alésage intramédullaire, un dépot de billes antibiotiques, un fixateur externe, une couverture par un lambeau musculaire libre et greffe osseuse le plus rapidement possible. Le recul d’observation fut de 25 à 48 mois (34,4 mois en moyenne). Pseudomonas aeruginosa (37,5 %) et Staphylocoque aureus (20,8 %) furent les germes les plus fréquemment impliqués. Il y eut 8 consolidations et 12 non consolidation des fractures après débridement et alésage. Dix-neuf infections ont été guéries par débridement. Une infection a nécessité 2 débridements séquentiels. Les 12 fractures non consolidées ont été stabilisées par fixateur externe de Hoffman jusqu’à consolidation, la durée s’étale de 3 à 7 mois (moyenne de 5,2 mois). La greffe osseuse a permis la consolidation de 9 fractures présentant une perte osseuse importante à la suite du débridement. Le temps de consolidation fut en moyenne de 7,2 mois (étendu de 6 à 8 mois). Nous pensons que ce protocole de traitement permet une guérison effective et rapide. Les complications sont la récurrence de l’infection dans 2 cas, une douleur mineure sur l’axe d’une broche de fixateur dans 2 cas, et l’enraidissement de 2 chevilles et d’un genou.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Behrens F, Johnson WD, Koch TW (1983) Bending stiffness of unilateral and bilateral fixator frame. Clin Ortho 178: 103–110

    Google Scholar 

  2. Behrens F, Johnson WD (1989) Unilateral external fixation methods to increase and reduce frame stiffness. Clin Orthop 241: 48–56

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  3. Edwards CC (1983) Staged reconstruction of complex open tibial fractures using Hoffmann external fixation. Clin Orthop 178: 130–161

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. Edwards CC, Simmons SC, Browner BD, Weigel MA (1988) Severe open tibial fractures: results treating 202 injuries with external fixation. Clin Orthop 230: 98–115

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Fernandex AA (1985) External fixation of the leg using unilateral biplanar frame. Arch Orthop Trauma Surg 104: 182–186

    Article  Google Scholar 

  6. Fisher MD, Gustilo RB, Varecka TF (1991) The timing of flap coverage, bone-grafting, and intramedullary nailing in patients who have a fracture of the tibial shaft with extensive soft-tissue injury. J Bong Joint Surg [Am] 73-A: 1316–1322

    Google Scholar 

  7. Gordon L, Chiu E (1988) Treatment of infected non-union and segmental defects of the tibia with staged microvascular muscle transplantation and bone grafting. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 70-A: 377–385

    Google Scholar 

  8. Green SA, Larson MJ, Moore JJ (1987) Chronic sepsis following intramedullary nailing of femoral fractures. J Trauma 27: 52–57

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Klemm K (1993) Antibiotic bead chains. Clin Orthop 295: 63–76

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  10. Kostuik JP, Harrington IJ (1975) Treatment of infected ununited femoral shaft fractures. Clin Orthop 108: 90–94

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  11. Kovacs AJ, Richard LB, Miller J (1973) Infection complication intramedullary nailing of the fractured femur. Clin Orthop 96: 266–270

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  12. Lidgren L, Torholm C (1980) Intramedullary reaming in chronic diaphyseal osteomyelitis. A preliminary report. Clin Orthop 151: 215–221

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Lottes JO (1968): Medullary nailing of infected fractures of femur. Clin Orthop 60: 99–101

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. MacAusland WR Jr (1968) Treatment of sepsis after intramedullary nailing of fractures of femur. Clin Orthop 60: 87–94

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Maurer RC, Dillin L (1987) Multistaged surgical management of posttraumatic segmental tibial bone loss. Clin Orthop 216: 162–170

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  16. Patzakis MJ, Wilkins J, Wiss DA (1986) Infection following intramedullary nailing of long bones: diagnosis and management. Clin Orthop 212: 182–191

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  17. Thakur AT, Patankar J (1991) Open tibial fracture treatment by uniplanar external fixation and early bone grafting. J Bone Joint Surg [Br] 73-B: 448–451

    Google Scholar 

  18. Weiland AJ, Moore JR, Daniel RK (1984) The efficacy of free tissue transfer in the treatment of osteomyelitis. J Bone Joint Surg [Am] 66-A: 181–193

    Google Scholar 

  19. Wickstrom J, Corban MS, Vise GT Jr (1968) Complications following intramedullary fixation of 324 fractured femurs. Clin Orthop 60: 103–113

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

European Bone and Joint Infection Society Meeting, München, Germany, October 7–9, 1993

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Ueng, WN., Shih, CH. Management of infected tibial intramedullary nailing using an organized treatment protocol. Eur J Orthop Surg Traumatol 5, 151–155 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02716261

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02716261

Key words

Mots-clés

Code Méary

Navigation