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Pathologisch gokken: impulscontrolestoornis en gedragsmatige verslaving

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In dit artikel wordt een overzicht gegeven van recent onderzoek met betrekking tot pathologisch gokken. De huidige classificatie van pathologisch gokken, prevalentie van pathologisch gokken, beloop en veelgebruikte diagnostische instrumenten komen aan bod. In de paragraaf over etiologie worden cognitieve processen besproken die continuering van gokgedrag bevorderen, zoals de illusie van controle over gokresultaten. Recent onderzoek wijst erop dat neurobiologische processen een belangrijke rol spelen bij gokken en dat pathologisch gokken vaak samengaat met afwijkingen van genen die neurotransmitters reguleren, en afwijkingen in neurobiologische en neurocognitieve functies. Recente onderzoeken wijzen op effectiviteit van zowel gedragstherapeutische als pharmacotherapeutische behandelingen, hoewel voor de laatste meer dubbelblind, placebogecontroleerde studies nodig zijn. Pathologisch gokken is een stoornis die op het gebied van diagnostische criteria, neurobiologie en genetica sterke overeenkomsten vertoont met middelenafhankelijkheid.

Abstract

This review article starts of with a discussion of the current classification of pathological gambling, its prevalence, course, and frequently used screening and diagnostic instruments. A section on etiology covers cognitive processes that stimulate gambling. The role of neurobiology, genetics and neurocognition in pathological gambling is explained. Recent studies on effectiveness of cognitive behavioral therapy for pathological gamblers, and effects of pharmacotherapy are presented. Pathological gambling is a disorder that shares important diagnostic, neurobiological, and genetic features with alcohol and substance abuse.

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    Anneke Goudriaan

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dr. a.e goudriaan is neuropsycholoog en werkt als onderzoeker bij het AMC, afdeling Psychiatrie/Amsterdam Institute for Addiction Research.

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Goudriaan, A. Pathologisch gokken: impulscontrolestoornis en gedragsmatige verslaving. DITH 27, 122–132 (2007). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03056862

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