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Diversity of metabolic syndrome risk factors in obese children and adolescents

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to investigate the frequency of metabolic syndrome (MS) variables in a group of spanish obese children and adolescents, to asses MS prevalence in this population and to describe it’s relationship with other metabolic risk factors. 103 children were studied: 54 male and 49 female, mean age 10.08±2.3 with exogenous obesity. Obesity was defined when BMI was higher than the age and sex specific equivalent to 30 kg/m2 in adults. MS variables considered were waist circumference, blood pressure, fasting blood triglycerides, fasting glucose/insulin and HDL-cholesterol. The children were considered as having the MS when three or more characteristics showed abnormal values according to Cook and De Ferranti definitions. HOMA index, ApoB and ApoA1 were studied too. The most frequent features of the metabolic syndrome were excess waist circumference and hypertension. The MS markers with the lowest frequency were dyslipidemia and fasting hyperglicemia. MS prevalence was 29,9% (Cook et al. criteria) and 50% (De Ferranti et al. criteria). Fasting insulin and HOMA index values increased significantly (p < 0.05) when three or more abnormalities of the MS variables were present. Apo B increased significantly only in females (p < 0.05) and Apo A1 decreased significantly (p < 0.05) in both sexes when MS was present. Adequate metabolic syndrome risk factors criteria, mainly cut-off values, need to be defined in the European paediatric population.

Resumen

El objetivo de este trabajo es el estudio de la frecuencia de presentación de los diferentes componentes del Síndrome Metabolico (SM) en un grupo de niños y adolescentes obesos españoles, determinar la prevalencia del SM en esa población e investigar el comportamiento de otros factores de riesgo metabólico. Se han estudiado 103 pacientes (54 varones y 49 mujeres), diagnosticados de obesidad exógena y con edad media de 10,08 ±2,3 años. Como criterio de obesidad se han tenido en cuenta los criterios internacionales de Cole et al., cuando el IMC es mayor o igual al equivalente a 30 Kg/m2 para edad y sexo. Como variables del SM se han considerado: perímetro de cintura, tensión arterial, triglicéridos, glucemia/insulinemia y HDL-colesterol, todos ellos tras ayuno de 12 horas. Se hizo el diagnóstico de SM cuando tres o más variables presentaban valores anormales, siguiendo los criterios propuestos por Cook y de Ferranti. Se han estudiado también el índice HOMA y las cifras de ApoB y ApoA1. Los componentes del SM más frecuentes fueron el incremento del perímetro de cintura y la hipertensión. Los menos frecuentes fueron la dislipidemia y la hiperglucemia. El diagnóstico de SM se hizo en el 29,9% (criterio de Cook et al.) y 50% (criterio de De Ferranti et al.) de los pacientes. La insulinemia basal y el HOMA se incrementaron significativamente cuando existían más de tres anomalías del SM (p < 0,05). La Apo B aumentó significativamente en el sexo femenino (p<0,05) y la Apo A1 disminuyó (p < 0,05) en ambos sexos en los pacientes con diagnóstico de SM. Son necesarios más estudios para precisar los puntos de corte más adecuados de los factores de riesgo que componen el SM en la población infantil europea

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Pediatría, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Domingo Miral s/n, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain

    G. Bueno, O. Bueno, R. García, B. Tresaco, J. M. Garagorri & M. Bueno

  2. Escuela Universitaria de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Domingo Miral s/n, 50009, Zaragoza, Spain

    L. A. Moreno

Authors
  1. G. Bueno
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  2. O. Bueno
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  3. L. A. Moreno
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  4. R. García
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  5. B. Tresaco
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  6. J. M. Garagorri
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  7. M. Bueno
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Correspondence to L. A. Moreno.

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Bueno, G., Bueno, O., Moreno, L.A. et al. Diversity of metabolic syndrome risk factors in obese children and adolescents. J. Physiol. Biochem. 62, 125–133 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03174073

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03174073

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