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Metabolic control of oocyte development: linking maternal nutrition and reproductive outcomes

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Abstract

Obesity, diabetes, and related metabolic disorders are major health issues worldwide. As the epidemic of metabolic disorders continues, the associated medical co-morbidities, including the detrimental impact on reproduction, increase as well. Emerging evidence suggests that the effects of maternal nutrition on reproductive outcomes are likely to be mediated, at least in part, by oocyte metabolism. Well-balanced and timed energy metabolism is critical for optimal development of oocytes. To date, much of our understanding of oocyte metabolism comes from the effects of extrinsic nutrients on oocyte maturation. In contrast, intrinsic regulation of oocyte development by metabolic enzymes, intracellular mediators, and transport systems is less characterized. Specifically, decreased acid transport proteins levels, increased glucose/lipid content and elevated reactive oxygen species in oocytes have been implicated in meiotic defects, organelle dysfunction and epigenetic alteration. Therefore, metabolic disturbances in oocytes may contribute to the diminished reproductive potential experienced by women with metabolic disorders. In-depth research is needed to further explore the underlying mechanisms. This review also discusses several approaches for metabolic analysis. Metabolomic profiling of oocytes, the surrounding granulosa cells, and follicular fluid will uncover the metabolic networks regulating oocyte development, potentially leading to the identification of oocyte quality markers and prevention of reproductive disease and poor outcomes in offspring.

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Acknowledgments

This work was funded by National Key Scientific Research Projects (2014CB943200), Natural Science Foundation of the Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (13KJA310001), Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (0606J0451) of China, the American Diabetes Association (KHM), and the NIH-NICHD (R01).

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The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, 1 Weigang, Nanjing, 210095, Jiangsu, China

    Ling Gu & Honglin Liu

  2. Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Rudong Third Hospital, Nantong, China

    Xi Gu

  3. Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA

    Christina Boots & Kelle H. Moley

  4. State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Nanjing Medical University, 140 Hanzhong Rd, Nanjing, 210029, Jiangsu, China

    Qiang Wang

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  1. Ling Gu
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Gu, L., Liu, H., Gu, X. et al. Metabolic control of oocyte development: linking maternal nutrition and reproductive outcomes. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 72, 251–271 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-014-1739-4

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