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Are stem cells a potential therapeutic tool in coeliac disease?

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Abstract

Despite the growing understanding of its pathogenesis, the treatment of coeliac disease is still based on a lifelong gluten-free diet that, although efficacious, is troublesome for affected patients, and a definitive cure is still an unmet need. In this regard, the development of new chemical- and biological-derived agents has often resulted in unsatisfactory effects when tested in vivo, probably because of their ability to target only a single pathway, whilst the immunological cascade responsible for tissue injury is complex and redundant. The advent of cellular therapies, mainly based on the use of stem cells, is an emerging area of interest since it has the advantage of a multi-target strategy. Both haematopoietic and mesenchymal stem cells have been employed in the treatment of refractory patients suffering from autoimmune diseases, with promising results. However, the lack of immunogenicity makes mesenchymal stem cells more suitable than their haematopoietic counterpart, since their transplantation may be performed in the absence of a myeloablative conditioning regimen. In addition, mesenchymal stem cells have been shown to harbour strong modulatory effects on almost all cells involved in immune response, together with a potent regenerative action. It is therefore conceivable that over the next few years their therapeutic use will increase as their biological interactions with injured tissues become clearer.

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Abbreviations

CD:

Coeliac disease

EATL:

Enteropathy-associated T cell lymphoma

Fox:

Transcription factor Forkhead box

GFD:

Gluten-free diet

HSC:

Haematopoietic stem cell

HGF:

Hepatocyte growth factor

HLA:

Histocompatibility locus antigen

IDO:

Indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase

IFN:

Interferon

IL:

Interleukin

IEL:

Intraepithelial lymphocyte

JAK:

Janus kinase

MSC:

Mesenchymal stem cells

NO:

Nitric oxide

PGE2 :

Prostaglandin E2

STAT:

Signal transducer and activator of transcription

TGF:

Transforming growth factor

TNF:

Tumour necrosing factor

VEGF:

Vascular endothelial growth factor

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Acknowledgments

This work was supported by the Grant of the European Regional Development Fund—Project FNUSA-ICRC (No. CZ.1.05/1.1.00/02.0123).

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The authors have no conflicts of interest to declare.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Center for the Study and Cure of Coeliac Disease, Clinica Medica I, IRCCS San Matteo Hospital Foundation, University of Pavia, Piazzale Golgi, 19, 27100, Pavia, Italy

    Rachele Ciccocioppo, Giuseppina Cristina Cangemi & Emanuela Anna Roselli

  2. International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne’s University Hospital and Masaryk University, Pekarska 53, 656 91, Brno, Czech Republic

    Peter Kruzliak

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  1. Rachele Ciccocioppo
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  2. Giuseppina Cristina Cangemi
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  3. Emanuela Anna Roselli
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  4. Peter Kruzliak
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Correspondence to Rachele Ciccocioppo or Peter Kruzliak.

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Ciccocioppo, R., Cangemi, G.C., Roselli, E.A. et al. Are stem cells a potential therapeutic tool in coeliac disease?. Cell. Mol. Life Sci. 72, 1317–1329 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-014-1797-7

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00018-014-1797-7

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