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Aktuelle Aspekte der Ultraschalluntersuchung der Speicheldrüsen

Current aspects in ultrasonography of the salivary glands

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Zusammenfassung

Die Sonographie ist unverzichtbar als Basisdiagnostik bei allen Erkrankungen der Speicheldrüsen. Die Speicheldrüsen eignen sich für die Ultraschalldiagnostik, denn sie liegen relativ oberflächlich, sind gegenüber dem umgebenden Gewebe gut abgrenzbar, und ihre Echogenität ist relativ charakteristisch. Der dynamische Untersuchungprozess weist hohe Reproduzierbarkeit, weder Strahlenbelastung noch Invasivität und relativ niedrige Kosten bei hoher diagnostischer Aussagekraft auf. Durch Fortschritte der Geräte- und Schallkopftechnologie, wie Farbdopplersonographie mit und ohne Kontrastmittel, Tissue Harmonic Imaging und Elastographie haben sich diagnostische Aussagekraft und Indikationsspektrum erweitert. Bei einzelnen Krankheitsbildern liegen typische, wenn auch unspezifische sonographische Charakteristika vor. Zusätzlich kann mit der sonographisch gesteuerten Feinnadelpunktion gezielt Material für eine zytologische Untersuchung unter direkter visueller Kontrolle gewonnen werden. Im Vergleich zu Verfahren wie der Magnetresonanztomographie oder der Computertomographie weist die Sonographie die höchste Sensitivität in der Erkennung von Neoplasmen der Speicheldrüsen auf.

Abstract

Ultrasonography is a basic diagnostic tool in all diseases of the salivary glands. Due to their relatively superficial anatomic location, distinct borders and homogenous echotexture, the salivary glands are ideally positioned for sonographic assessment. The advantages of this technique include its high diagnostic accuracy, non-invasiveness, lack of radiation exposure, as well as high reproducibility and low costs. Progress in ultrasound equipment and ultrasound transducers in recent years, i.e. colour-coded Doppler sonography with and without contrast enhancers, tissue harmonic imaging and elastography have widened the spectrum of indications and diagnostic accuracy. Although unspecific, many diseases of the salivary glands have particular sonographic characteristics. In addition, ultrasound-guided fine-needle biopsy is able to obtain material for cytological analysis in a targeted fashion under visual control. Compared to other imaging techniques such as CT and MRI, ultrasound achieves the highest sensitivity in the identification of neoplasms in the salivary glands.

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  1. Klinik für HNO-Heilkunde, reg. Plastische Chirurgie, Kopf- und Halschirurgie, Klinikum Nordstadt der Klinikum Region Hannover GmbH, Haltenhoffstraße 41, 30167, Hannover, Deutschland

    H.-J. Welkoborsky

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Welkoborsky, HJ. Aktuelle Aspekte der Ultraschalluntersuchung der Speicheldrüsen. HNO 59, 155–165 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00106-010-2217-4

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