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Brain-derived neurotrophic factor

Vom Nervenwachstumsfaktor zum Plastizitätsmodulator bei kognitiven Prozessen und psychischen Erkrankungen

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor

From nerve growth factor to modulator of brain plasticity in cognitive processes and psychiatric diseases

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Zusammenfassung

Der „brain-derived neurotrophic factor“ (BDNF) gehört zur Familie der Neurotrophine und spielt eine wichtige Rolle beim axonalen und dendritischen Wachstum von Neuronen und der Gehirnplastizität. Die Proform von BDNF (pro-BDNF) wird in den synaptischen Spalt ausgeschüttet und dort durch die Protease Plasmin zum maturen BDNF abgebaut. BDNF fördert die synaptische Plastizität und eine Langzeitpotenzierung. Neuere Untersuchungsergebnisse deuten auf eine Beteiligung von BDNF und dessen genetischer funktioneller Polymorphismen bei der Pathogenese verschiedener psychischer Erkrankungen wie z. B. Depression, Manie, Schizophrenie, Essstörungen, Demenz und Huntington-Erkrankung hin. Die BDNF-Konzentration im Gehirn, aber auch im Serum wird durch verschiedene Faktoren beeinflusst. Sie ist z. B. durch Stress vermindert und wird durch Lernprozesse, verschiedene antidepressive Therapiemodalitäten, körperliche Aktivität und Diät erhöht. Die Bestimmung der BDNF-Serumspiegel könnte diagnostische Bedeutung erlangen. Daneben könnte die gezielte Beeinflussung der BDNF-Verfügbarkeit durch verschiedene Maßnahmen eine Relevanz zur Therapie und möglicherweise auch zur Prävention oben genannter psychischer Krankheitsbilder gewinnen.

Summary

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a member of the neurotrophin family and plays an important role in neuronal survival and plasticity in the CNS. The proform of BDNF (pro-BDNF) is secreted and cleaved extracellularly by the serine protease plasmin to mature BDNF, which potentiates synaptic plasticity and long-term potentiation. Recent findings in animal models suggest an involvement of BDNF and its genetic functional single nucleotide polymorphism in the pathogenesis of different psychiatric diseases including depression, mania, schizophrenia, eating disorders, dementia, and Huntington’s disease. In the brain and serum, BDNF is modulated by different factors. It is downregulated by stress and upregulated by learning processes, several antidepressive treatments, physical activity, and dietary restriction. Measurement of BDNF serum concentrations may be of diagnostic value. Additionally, the influence of different strategies for BDNF allocation seems to be relevant for the treatment and prevention of the above psychiatric disorders.

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  1. Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie Tübingen

    C. Laske & G. W. Eschweiler

  2. Universitätsklinik für Psychiatrie und Psychotherapie Tübingen, Osianderstraße 24, 72070, Tübingen, Deutschland

    C. Laske

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Laske, C., Eschweiler, G.W. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor. Nervenarzt 77, 523–537 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00115-005-1971-0

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