Abstract
Ninety-six hours static bioassays were made in the laboratory to determine acute toxicity of cypermethrin to five non-target freshwater organisms belonging to different taxa and niche. Susceptibility of the organisms to cypermethrin was in the order: the crustacean Diaptomus forbesi > the aquatic insect Ranatra filiformis > the freshwater carp Cyprinus carpio > the tadpole larva of the toad Bufo melanostictus > the oligochaet worm Branchiura sowerbyi. Ninety-six hours LC50 values of aqueous cypermethrin ranged from 0.03 μg/L for the crustacean to 9.0 μg/L for the tadpole larva. The value was very high (71.12 μg/L) for the oligochaet worm. LC50 values changed with hours of exposure till 72 h after which cypermethrin became inactive in both aqueous and acetone solution. Acetone solution of cypermethrin was more toxic to B. sowerbyi, C. carpio and the tadpole larva. There was no significant difference in susceptibility of any other test organism between aqueous and acetone solution of cypermethrin.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
APHA (American Public Health Association) (1995) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. APHA, Washington
Bradbury SP, Coats JR (1989) Comparative toxicology of the pyrethroid insecticides. Rev Environ Contam Toxicol 108:134–177
Clark JR, Goodman LR, Bortwick PW, Patrick JM Jr, Cripe GM, Moody PH, More JC, Lores EM (1989) Toxicity of pyrethroid to marine invertebrates and fish: a literature review and results with sediment-sorbed chemicals. EPA/600/J-89/040. Environ Toxicol Chem 8:393–401
Datta M, Kaviraj A (2003) Acute toxicity of the synthetic pyrethroid deltamethrin to freshwater catfish Clarias gariepinus. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 70:296–299
ETN (Extension Toxicology Network) (1996) Pesticide information profile, revised, available at http://www.extoxnet.orst.edu/pips/cypermet.htm. Accessed 10 July 2007
Finney DJ (1971) Probit analysis. Cambridge University Press, London, UK
Jayswal AP (1989) Management of American bollworm on cotton in Andhra Pradesh. Indian Farming, July, 6–7
Kaviraj A, Bhunia F, Saha N (2004) Toxicity of methanol to fish, crustacean, oligochaete worm and aquatic ecosystem. Int J Toxicol 23:55–63
Milam CD, Faris JL, Wilhide JD (2000) Evaluating mosquito control pesticides for effect on target and non-target organisms. Arch Environ Contam Toxicol 39:324–328
Moore A, Waring CP (2001) The effect of a synthetic pyrethroid pesticide on some aspects of reproduction in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). Aquat Toxicol 52:1–12
Oudou HC, Alonso RM, Bruun HHC (2004) Voltammetric behaviour of the synthetic pyrethroid lamda cyhalothrin and its determination in soil and well water. Anal Chim Acta 523:69–74
Polat H, Erkoc FU, Viran R, Kocak O (2002) Investigation of acute toxicity of beta cypermethrin on guppies Poecilla reticulata. Chemosphere 49:39–44
Saha S, Kaviraj A (2003) Acute toxicity of synthetic pyrethroid cypermethrin to freshwater catfish Heteropneustis fossilis (Bloch). Int J Toxicol 22:325–328
Smith TM, Stratton GW (1986) Effects of synthetic pyrethroid insecticide on non-target organisms. Residue Rev 97:93–120
URL1. http://www.epa.gov/scipoly/sap/meetings/1999/february/pyreth.pdf. Accessed 10 July 2007
Wilis KJ, Ling N (2004) The toxicity of the aquatic pesticide cypermethrin to planktonic marine copepods. Aqua Res 35:263–270
Winner BJ (1971) Statistical principles in experimental design, 2nd edn. McGraw-Hill, NY
Acknowledgment
We thank the Head, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani for providing necessary facilities for this research.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Saha, S., Kaviraj, A. Acute Toxicity of Synthetic Pyrethroid Cypermethrin to Some Freshwater Organisms. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol 80, 49–52 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-007-9314-4
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00128-007-9314-4