Role of replacement fluids in the immediate complications of plasma exchange

Abstract

Objective: Comparison of side effects (fever shivering and/or allergic reactions, collapse, symptomatic hypocalcaemia) of the different substitution fluids used during therapeutical plasmapheresis. Design: Multicentric retrospective comparative study designed to explore the side effects due to the replacements fluids (albumin alone or associated with dextran 40, modified fluid gelatin, hydroxyethyl starch), and to determine the best combination in patients undergoing plasmapheresis. Patients: 46,895 procedures were performed on 5,167 patients between 1990 and 1994. The analysis concerns 33,962 sessions, divided into two groups (group 1: 21,079 sessions from 1990 to 1992 comparing albumin alone versus combined albumin-macromolecules and the different combinations among these, group 2: 12 883 sessions in 1993–1994 comparing albumin alone versus albumin-hydroxyethyl starch). Because of the diversity of the products used, 13,029 sessions were not studied because groups of small sample sizes were formed. Measurements and results: In group 1, the comparison of albumin + macromolecules with albumin alone, shows the best haemodynamic tolerance, lower frequency of fever shivering and/or allergic reactions in the albumin alone subgroup. On the other hand, hypocalcaemia is significantly higher in this subgroup. The combinations albumin + dextran 40 (but after hapten inhibition) and albumin + hydroxyethyl starch are equivalent. Albumin + modified fluid gelatin is the combination presenting the highest incidence in terms of allergic manifestations. In group 2, albumin + hydroxyethyl starch versus albumin alone, the former is preferable in terms of the three side effects studied. Conclusion: The results of this study show a combination of albumin 4 %-hydroxyethyl starch to replace plasma during plasma exchange to be the method presenting the lowest morbidity and the best cost/effectiveness ratio.