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Effect of Chloride Channel Inhibitors on Cytosolic Ca2+ Levels and Ca2+-Activated K+ (Gardos) Channel Activity in Human Red Blood Cells

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Abstract

DIDS, NPPB, tannic acid (TA) and AO1 are widely used inhibitors of Cl– channels. Some Cl– channel inhibitors (NPPB, DIDS, niflumic acid) were shown to affect phosphatidylserine (PS) scrambling and, thus, the life span of human red blood cells (hRBCs). Since a number of publications suggest Ca2+ dependence of PS scrambling, we explored whether inhibitors of Cl– channels (DIDS, NPPB) or of Ca2+-activated Cl− channels (DIDS, NPPB, TA, AO1) modified intracellular free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]i) and activity of Ca2+-activated K+ (Gardos) channel in hRBCs. According to Fluo-3 fluorescence in flow cytometry, a short treatment (15 min, +37 °C) with Cl− channels inhibitors decreased [Ca2+]i in the following order: TA > AO1 > DIDS > NPPB. According to forward scatter, the decrease of [Ca2+]i was accompanied by a slight but significant increase in cell volume following DIDS, NPPB and AO1 treatments. TA treatment resulted in cell shrinkage. According to whole-cell patch-clamp experiments, TA activated and NPPB and AO1 inhibited Gardos channels. The Cl– channel blockers further modified the alterations of [Ca2+]i following ATP depletion (glucose deprivation, iodoacetic acid, 6-inosine), oxidative stress (1 mM t-BHP) and treatment with Ca2+ ionophore ionomycin (1 μM). The ability of the Cl− channel inhibitors to modulate PS scrambling did not correlate with their influence on [Ca2+]i as TA and AO1 had a particularly strong decreasing effect on [Ca2+]i but at the same time enhanced PS exposure. In conclusion, Cl– channel inhibitors affect Gardos channels, influence Ca2+ homeostasis and induce PS exposure of hRBCs by Ca2+-independent mechanisms.

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We thank Mr. David Erickson (Phoenix, AZ) for manuscript correction.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Problems of Cryobiology and Cryomedicine, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kharkov, Ukraine

    Yuliya V. Kucherenko

  2. Faculty of Natural and Technical Sciences III, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany

    Lisa Wagner-Britz & Ingolf Bernhardt

  3. Physiologisches Institute I, University of Tuebingen, Gmelinstr. 5, 72076, Tuebingen, Germany

    Florian Lang

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  1. Yuliya V. Kucherenko
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Kucherenko, Y.V., Wagner-Britz, L., Bernhardt, I. et al. Effect of Chloride Channel Inhibitors on Cytosolic Ca2+ Levels and Ca2+-Activated K+ (Gardos) Channel Activity in Human Red Blood Cells. J Membrane Biol 246, 315–326 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00232-013-9532-0

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