Skip to main content
Log in

A Modified CDC Biofilm Reactor to Produce Mature Biofilms on the Surface of PEEK Membranes for an In Vivo Animal Model Application

  • Published:
Current Microbiology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Biofilm-related infections have become a major clinical concern. Typically, animal models that involve inoculation with planktonic bacteria have been used to create positive infection signals and examine antimicrobial strategies for eradicating or preventing biofilm-related infection. However, it is estimated that 99.9% of bacteria in nature dwell in established biofilms. As such, open wounds have significant potential to become contaminated with bacteria that reside in a well-established biofilm. In this study, a modified CDC biofilm reactor was developed to repeatably grow mature biofilms of Staphylococcus aureus on the surface of polyetheretherketone (PEEK) membranes for inoculation in a future animal model of orthopaedic implant biofilm-related infection. Results indicated that uniform, mature biofilms repeatably grew on the surface of the PEEK membranes.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Bakken LR (1985) Separation and purification of bacteria from soil. Appl Environ Microbiol 49:1482–1487

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Buckingham-Meyer K, Goeres DM, Hamilton MA (2007) Comparative evaluation of biofilm disinfectant efficacy tests. J Microbiol Methods 70:236–244

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Campoccia D, Montanaro L, Arciola CR (2006) The significance of infection related to orthopedic devices and issues of antibiotic resistance. Biomaterials 27:2331–2339

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  4. Chou TG, Petti CA, Szakacs J et al (2010) Evaluating antimicrobials and implant materials for infection prevention around transcutaneous osseointegrated implants in a rabbit model. J Biomed Mater Res A 92:942–952

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. Costerton JW (2005) Biofilm theory can guide the treatment of device-related orthopaedic infections. Clin Orthop Relat Res 437:7–11

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  6. Costerton JW, Geesey GG, Cheng KJ (1978) How bacteria stick. Sci Am 238:86–95

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Darouiche RO, Mansouri MD, Zakarevicz D et al (2007) In vivo efficacy of antimicrobial-coated devices. J Bone Joint Surg Am 89:792–797

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. Darouiche RO, Mansouri MD, Gawande PV et al (2009) Antimicrobial and antibiofilm efficacy of triclosan and Dispersin B combination. J Antimicrob Chemother 64:88–93

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Goeres DM, Loetterle L, Hamilton MA et al (2005) Statistical assessment of a laboratory method for growing biofilms. Microbiology 151:757–762

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. Jiang X, Pace JL (2006) Microbial biofilms. In: Pace JL, Rupp ME, Finch RG (eds) Biofilms infection and antimicrobial therapy. Taylor and Francis Group, Boca Raton, p 4

    Google Scholar 

  11. Wimpenny J, Manz W, Szewzyk U (2000) Heterogeneity in biofilms. FEMS Microbiol Rev 24:661–671

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. Murphy TF, Kirkham C (2002) Biofilm formation by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae: strain variability, outer membrane antigen expression and role of pili. BMC Microbiol 2:7

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  13. Murray CK (2008) Epidemiology of infections associated with combat-related injuries in Iraq and Afghanistan. J Trauma 64:S232–S238

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  14. Owens BD, Kragh JF Jr, Macaitis J et al (2007) Characterization of extremity wounds in operation Iraqi freedom and operation enduring freedom. J Orthop Trauma 21:254–257

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  15. Rode TM, Langsrud S, Holck A et al (2007) Different patterns of biofilm formation in Staphylococcus aureus under food-related stress conditions. Int J Food Microbiol 116:372–383

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Taubes G (2008) The bacteria fight back. Science 321:356–361

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Williams D, Bloebaum R, Petti CA (2008) Characterization of Staphylococcus aureus strains in a rabbit model of osseointegrated pin infections. J Biomed Mater Res A 85:366–370

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgments

This material is based upon study supported by the Office of Research and Development, Rehabilitation R&D Service, Department of Veterans Affairs, Salt Lake City, UT. The project described was also supported by Award Number R01AR057185 from the National Institute Of Arthritis And Musculoskeletal And Skin Diseases. The content is solely the responsibility of the authors and does not necessarily represent the official views of the National Institute Of Arthritis And Musculoskeletal And Skin Diseases or the National Institutes of Health. This study was also supported by the Albert and Margaret Hofmann Chair and the Department of Orthopaedics, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT. The authors also acknowledge the help of Brad Isaacson, PhD for his contributions to the design of the modified CDC biofilm reactor and Dennis Romney for machining the modified reactor parts.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Roy D. Bloebaum.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Williams, D.L., Woodbury, K.L., Haymond, B.S. et al. A Modified CDC Biofilm Reactor to Produce Mature Biofilms on the Surface of PEEK Membranes for an In Vivo Animal Model Application. Curr Microbiol 62, 1657–1663 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-011-9908-2

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00284-011-9908-2

Keywords

Navigation