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Risk factors of surgical site infections in patients with Crohn’s disease complicated with gastrointestinal fistula

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International Journal of Colorectal Disease Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Purpose

Surgical site infection (SSI) is the most common complication following surgical procedures. This study aimed to determine risk factors associated with SSI in patients with Crohn’s disease (CD) complicated with gastrointestinal fistula.

Methods

This was a retrospective review of patients who underwent surgical resection in gastrointestinal fistula patients with CD between January 2013 and January 2015, identified from a prospectively maintained gastrointestinal fistula database. Demographic information, preoperative medication, intraoperative findings, and postoperative outcome data were collected. Univariate and multivariate analysis was carried out to assess possible risk factors for SSI.

Results

A total of 118 patients were identified, of whom 75.4% were men, the average age of the patients was 34.1 years, and the average body mass index (BMI) was 18.8 kg/m2. The rate of SSI was 31.4%. On multivariate analysis, preoperative anemia (P = 0.001, OR 7.698, 95% CI 2.273–26.075), preoperative bacteria present in fistula tract (P = 0.029, OR 3.399, 95% CI 1.131–10.220), and preoperative enteral nutrition (EN) <3 months (P < 0.001, OR 11.531, 95% CI 3.086–43.079) were predictors of SSI. Notably, preoperative percutaneous abscess drainage was shown to exert protection against SSI in fistulizing CD (P = 0.037, OR 0.258, 95% CI 0.073–0.920).

Conclusion

Preoperative anemia, bacteria present in fistula tract, and preoperative EN <3 months significantly increased the risk of postoperative SSI in gastrointestinal fistula complicated with CD. Preoperative identification of these risk factors may assist in risk assessment and then to optimize preoperative preparation and perioperative care.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of General Surgery, Jinling Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University, 305 East Zhongshan Road, Nanjing, 210002, Jiangsu Province, People’s Republic of China

    Kun Guo, Jianan Ren, Guanwei Li, Xiuwen Wu, Zhiwei Wang, Gefei Wang, Guosheng Gu, Huajian Ren, Zhiwu Hong & Jieshou Li

  2. Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing, China

    Qiongyuan Hu

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  1. Kun Guo
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  2. Jianan Ren
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  4. Qiongyuan Hu
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  5. Xiuwen Wu
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Jianan Ren.

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The Institutional Review Board of Jinling Hospital approved the project.

Grant support

This study was supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81571881).

Conflicts of interest

The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

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Guo, K., Ren, J., Li, G. et al. Risk factors of surgical site infections in patients with Crohn’s disease complicated with gastrointestinal fistula. Int J Colorectal Dis 32, 635–643 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00384-017-2751-6

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00384-017-2751-6

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