Abstract
To determine the predictive value of chloroquine (CQ) resistance markers in Senegal, Plasmodium falciparum DNA polymorphisms in pfmdr1and pfcrt were examined in relation to clinical outcome. Despite CQ treatment, 17% of patients had parasitemia after 28 days. Examination of molecular markers of CQ resistance revealed that 64% of all isolates had the T76 resistant allele at the pfcrt locus, while 30% carried the Y86 resistant allele at the pfmdr1 locus. The pfcrt T76 allele was present not only in all in vivo resistant isolates, 89% of in vitro resistant isolates, but also in 35% of in vitro sensitive isolates. The pfmdr1 N86Y polymorphism did not correlate with in vitro or in vivo CQ resistance. Our data suggest that the pfcrt T76 allele alone is required but not a sufficient predictor for in vivo CQ resistance.
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Acknowledgements
We are grateful to the cooperation between HSPH and Cheikh Anta Diop University. We thank Abdoulaye Diallo, the patients from whom blood samples were drawn and the health workers at Pikine for their assistance. Dr. Fariba Houman, Dr. Connie Chow, and Kevin Rader are thanked for their help in reviewing the manuscript and in help with statistical data analysis. The work was financial supported by Fogarty International Research Training Grant D43 TW01503, The Ellison Medical Foundation, The Exxon Mobil Corporation, The National Institutes of Health Grant 1RO1 GM61351, and the Harvard Malaria Initiative supported this study that was performed in compliance with research regulatory laws in USA and Senegal.
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Sarr, O., Myrick, A., Daily, J. et al. In vivo and in vitro analysis of chloroquine resistance in Plasmodium falciparum isolates from Senegal. Parasitol Res 97, 136–140 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-005-1406-7
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-005-1406-7