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The Burden and Determinants of Neck Pain in the General Population

Results of the Bone and Joint Decade 2000–2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders

  • Best Evidence
  • Published:
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Study Design

Best evidence synthesis.

Objective

To undertake a best evidence synthesis of the published evidence on the burden and determinants of neck pain and its associated disorders in the general population.

Summary of Background Data

The evidence on burden and determinants of neck has not previously been summarized.

Methods

The Bone and Joint Decade 2000−2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders performed a systematic search and critical review of literature published between 1980 and 2006 to assemble the best evidence on neck pain. Studies meeting criteria for scientific validity were included in a best evidence synthesis.

Results

We identified 469 studies on burden and determinants of neck pain, and judged 249 to be scientifically admissible; 101 articles related to the burden and determinants of neck pain in the general population. Incidence ranged from 0.055 per 1000 person years (disc herniation with radiculopathy) to 213 per 1000 persons (self-reported neck pain). Incidence of neck injuries during competitive sports ranged from 0.02 to 21 per 1000 exposures. The 12-month prevalence of pain typically ranged between 30% and 50%; the 12-month prevalence of activity-limiting pain was 1.7% to 11.5%. Neck pain was more prevalent among women and prevalence peaked in middle age. Risk factors for neck pain included genetics, poor psychological health, and exposure to tobacco. Disc degeneration was not identified as a risk factor. The use of sporting gear (helmets, face shields) to prevent other types of injury was not associated with increased neck injuries in bicycling, hockey, or skiing.

Conclusion

Neck pain is common. Nonmodifiable risk factors for neck pain included age, gender, and genetics. Modifiable factors included smoking, exposure to tobacco, and psychological health. Disc degeneration was not identified as a risk factor. Future research should concentrate on longitudinal designs exploring preventive strategies and modifiable risk factors for neck pain.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Work and Health, Toronto, Canada

    Sheilah Hogg-Johnson PhD, Gabrielle van der Velde DC & Pierre Côté DC, PhD

  2. Department of Public Health Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

    Sheilah Hogg-Johnson PhD

  3. Department of Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

    Gabrielle van der Velde DC & Carlo Ammendolia DC, PhD

  4. Division of Health Care and Outcomes Research, Toronto Western Research Institute, Toronto, Canada

    Gabrielle van der Velde DC, J. David Cassidy DC, PhD, Pierre Côté DC, PhD & Carlo Ammendolia DC, PhD

  5. Centre of Research Expertise in Improved Disability Outcomes (CREIDO), University Health Network Rehabilitation Solutions, Toronto Western Hospital, Toronto, Canada

    Gabrielle van der Velde DC, J. David Cassidy DC, PhD & Pierre Côté DC, PhD

  6. Department of Public Health Sciences, and the Alberta Centre for Injury Control and Research, School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada

    Linda J. Carroll PhD

  7. Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden

    Lena W. Holm DrMedSc

  8. Departments of Public Health Sciences and Health Policy, Management and Evaluation, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada

    J. David Cassidy DC, PhD & Pierre Côté DC, PhD

  9. Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

    Jamie Guzman MD, MSc, FRCP(C)

  10. Occupational Health and Safety Agency for Health care in British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada

    Jamie Guzman MD, MSc, FRCP(C)

  11. Department of Neurology, University of California, Irvine, USA

    Scott Haldeman DC, MD, PhD

  12. Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of California, Los Angeles, California, USA

    Scott Haldeman DC, MD, PhD

  13. Centre for Research Expertise in Improved Disability Outcomes (CREIDO), University Health Network, Toronto, Canada

    Carlo Ammendolia DC, PhD

  14. Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford , USA

    Eugene Carragee MD, FACS

  15. Orthopedic Spine Center and Spinal Surgery Service, Stanford University Hospital and Clinics, Stanford, USA

    Eugene Carragee MD, FACS

  16. Department of Public Health Sciences, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawaii, USA

    Eric Hurwitz DC, PhD

  17. Departments of Orthopedics and Environmental Medicine and Program of Ergonomics and Biomechanics, School of Medicine and Graduate School of Arts and Science, New York University, New York, USA

    Margareta Nordin PT, DrMedSc

  18. Occupational and Industrial Orthopedic Center (OIOC), New York University Medical Center, New York, USA

    Margareta Nordin PT, DrMedSc

  19. Endocrinology, Analgesia and Inflammation, Merck & Co., Rahway, New Jersey, USA

    Paul Peloso MD, MSc, FRCP(C)

  20. Institute for Work and Health, 481 University Avenue, Suite 800, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, M5G 2E9

    Sheilah Hogg-Johnson PhD

Authors
  1. Sheilah Hogg-Johnson PhD
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  2. Gabrielle van der Velde DC
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  3. Linda J. Carroll PhD
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  4. Lena W. Holm DrMedSc
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  5. J. David Cassidy DC, PhD
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  6. Jamie Guzman MD, MSc, FRCP(C)
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  7. Pierre Côté DC, PhD
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  8. Scott Haldeman DC, MD, PhD
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  9. Carlo Ammendolia DC, PhD
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  10. Eugene Carragee MD, FACS
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  11. Eric Hurwitz DC, PhD
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  12. Margareta Nordin PT, DrMedSc
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  13. Paul Peloso MD, MSc, FRCP(C)
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sheilah Hogg-Johnson PhD.

Additional information

The device(s)/drug(s) is/are FDA-approved or approved by corresponding national agency for this indication.

Corporate/Industry, Foundation, and Professional Organizational funds were received in support of this work. No benefits in any form have been or will be received from a commercial party related directly or indirectly to the subject of this manuscript.

Reprinted with permission from Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Hogg-Johnson S, van der Velde G, Carroll LJ, et al., The Burden and Determinants of Neck Pain in the General Population, Results of the Bone and Joint Decade 2000–2010 Task Force on Neck Pain and Its Associated Disorders, SPINE, Volume 33, Number 4S, pp S39–S51

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Hogg-Johnson, S., van der Velde, G., Carroll, L.J. et al. The Burden and Determinants of Neck Pain in the General Population. Eur Spine J 17 (Suppl 1), 39–51 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00586-008-0624-y

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