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Systematic review and meta-analysis of incisional hernia post-reversal of ileostomy

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Abstract

Purpose

Incisional hernia following closure of loop ileostomy is a common problem. Assessment of the proportion of this complication is limited by small sample size and inconsistent reporting. The aim of this review was to provide an estimate of the proportion of incisional hernia following closure of loop ileostomy according to clinical and radiological diagnostic criteria and to investigate the association of bibliometric and study quality parameters with reported proportion.

Methods

A systematic review of PubMed, Embase, CENTRAL, ISRCTN Registry and Open Grey from 2000 onwards was performed according to PRISMA standards. Reporting on the type of stoma and mesh reinforcement after closure was mandatory for inclusion, whereas studies on paediatric populations were excluded. Fixed effect or random effects models were used to calculate pooled proportion estimates. Meta-regression models were formed to explore potential heterogeneity.

Results

42 studies with 7166 patients were included. The pooled estimate of the proportion of incisional hernia after ileostomy closure was 6.1% (95% confidence interval, CI 4.4–8.3%). Proportion estimates for higher quality studies and studies reporting on incisional hernia as primary outcome were 9.0% (95% CI 6.3–12.7%) and 13.1% (95% CI 8.8–19.1%). Significant between-study heterogeneity was identified (P < 0.001, I2 = 87%) and the likelihood of publication bias was high (P = 0.028). Mixed effects regression showed that both year of publication (P = 0.034, Q = 4.484, df = 1.000) and defining hernia as a primary outcome (Q = 20.298, P < 0.001) were related to effect size. Method of follow-up and quality of the studies affected the proportion.

Conclusion

The proportion of incisional hernia at ileostomy closure site is estimated at 6.1%. Reporting incisional hernia as primary or secondary outcome, the method of diagnosis, the year of publication and methodological quality are associated with reported proportion.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Surgery, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Barrack Road, Exeter, EX2 5DW, UK

    F. De Haes, N. L. Bullen, N. J. Smart & S. A. Antoniou

  2. Exeter Surgical Health Services Research Unit, Royal Devon and Exeter Hospital, NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK

    F. De Haes, N. L. Bullen, N. J. Smart & S. A. Antoniou

  3. Department of Vascular and Endovascular Surgery, The Royal Oldham Hospital, Pennine Acute Hospitals NHS Trust, Manchester, UK

    G. A. Antoniou

  4. Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK

    F. De Haes, N. L. Bullen, G. A. Antoniou, N. J. Smart & S. A. Antoniou

  5. Military Captain, Belgian Armed Forces, Brussels, Belgium

    F. De Haes

  6. School of Medicine, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus

    S. A. Antoniou

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Correspondence to F. De Haes.

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Conflict of interest

NJS receives speaker fees for hernia surgery subjects by Medtronic and GORE. FDH, SAA, NLB and GAA have no conflicts of interest or financial ties to disclose.

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We do have a registration on PROSPERO (registration number CRD42018092400) and agreement of our institute.

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De Haes, F., Bullen, N.L., Antoniou, G.A. et al. Systematic review and meta-analysis of incisional hernia post-reversal of ileostomy. Hernia 24, 9–21 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10029-019-01961-5

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10029-019-01961-5

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