Abstract
Intestinal flora changes were found in patients and animals with type 1 diabetes (T1D). However, few studies have provided any explicit clues of changes in highly disease related commensal microbiota before disease onset and their relationships with disordered peripheral immune cells. We conducted 16S rRNA microbiota analysis of non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice from weaning to diabetes onset to identify highly disease related microbes and performed Spearman correlation analysis between anomalous flora and peripheral immune cells. We found NOD mice had increased exclusive bacteria and decreased community richness or diversity, besides, with the features of decreased abundance of Bacteroidetes and increased abundance of Firmicutes, Proteobacteria or Deferribacteres and remarkable fluctuations of genus relative abundance. Furthermore, kinds of highly T1D related genus and their strong correlations with peripheral immune cells, especially neutrophils, were discovered. Microbial changes in NOD mice differed from that of ICR mice and highly disease associated microbes have strong correlations with the peripheral neutrophil ratio, which provide evidence that neutrophils are possibly involved in the pathogenesis of T1D.
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The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
Abbreviations
- GALT:
-
Gut associated lymphoid tissues
- IBD:
-
Inflammatory bowel disease
- NETs:
-
Neutrophil extracellular trap
- NOD:
-
Non-obese diabetic
- NOR:
-
Nonobese diabetes-resistant
- PLN:
-
Pancreatic lymph node
- SCFA:
-
Short chain fatty acid
- SPF:
-
Specific pathogen-free
- T1D:
-
Type 1 diabetes
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Acknowledgements
We appreciate the suggestion in writing from Professor Gu f. and the technical support from Biozeron Biotech. The English language of this article was edited by American Journal Experts.
Funding
National Natural Science Foundation of China [No. 81673340, No. 81973224]; Double first-class innovation team of China Pharmaceutical University [CPU2018GF/GY16, CPU2018GF/GY17].
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WJ designed whole project and revised the manuscript; WY and YQ designed and performed experiments, and prepared the manuscript draft. YQ, WY and FJ analyzed data.
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10482_2021_1632_MOESM1_ESM.tif
Supplementary Fig. 1: Differences in genera between ICR and NOD mice at different weeks of age. a-w: Comparisons of different genera at different weeks of age in NOD and ICR mice. a: Acetatifactor, b: Coprococcus 2, c: Lachnoclostridium 5, d: Lachnospiraceae FCS020 group, e: Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group, f: Lachnospiraceae UCG-001, g: Lachnospiraceae UCG-010, h: Oscillibacter, i: Ruminiclostridium 6, j: Ruminococcaceae UCG-013, k: Lactobacillus, l: Faecalibaculum, m: Bacteroides, n: Muribaculum, o: Parabacteroides, p: Caulobacteraceae, q: Bradyrhizobium, r: Parasutterella, s: Rhodococcus, t: Gastranaerophilales, u: Chloroflexi, v: Sulfurovum, w: Mucispirillum. *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, and ***P < 0.001
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Wu, Y., You, Q., Fei, J. et al. Changes in the gut microbiota: a possible factor influencing peripheral blood immune indexes in non-obese diabetic mice. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 114, 1669–1682 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-021-01632-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10482-021-01632-5