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Sadistic Offender or Sexual Sadism? Taxometric Evidence for a Dimensional Structure of Sexual Sadism

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Abstract

Severe sexual sadism is a disorder of sexual preferences that focuses on humiliation and domination of the victim, sometimes causing grievous injury or death. Because offenders with high levels of sadism represent a risk to both reoffend and cause considerable harm should they reoffend, a diagnosis of sexual sadism has serious implications. The actual diagnosis of sexual sadism is fraught with problems (i.e., low reliability and validity) and exhibits poor consistency across assessments and studies (Levenson, 2004; Marshall, Kennedy, & Yates, 2002a). Various authors have proposed that sadism should be reconceptualized and have suggested that a dimensional approach may be more effective than a classificatory one for diagnosing sexual sadism (e.g., Marshall & Kennedy, 2003; Nietschke, Osterheider, & Mokros, 2009b). The dimension versus taxon question also impacts debates about the etiology and treatment of sadism. We assessed the taxonicity of sexual sadism by conducting a taxometric analysis of the scores of 474 sex offenders from penitentiary settings on the MTC Sexual Sadism Scale, using Meehl’s taxometric methods (Meehl & Yonce, 1994; Waller & Meehl, 1998). Findings indicated that sexual sadism presents a clear underlying dimensional structure. These results are consistent with earlier research supporting a dimensional assessment of sexual sadism and indicate that the diagnosis of sexual sadism should be reconceptualized. The theoretical and clinical implications of these findings are discussed.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank Professor Andreas Mokros from the Department of Psychology at the University of Hagen for his methodological advice and for his help. Furthermore, the authors would like to thank Professor Eric Beauregard and Jean Proulx for their help.

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  1. Department of Psychology, Brandeis University, Brown 125, 415 South Street, MS 062, Waltham, MA, 01453, USA

    Nicholas Longpré & Raymond A. Knight

  2. School of Criminology, International Centre for Comparative Criminology, Philippe-Pinel Institute, University of Montreal, Montreal, PQ, Canada

    Jean-Pierre Guay

  3. Department of Psychology, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, USA

    Massil Benbouriche

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Longpré, N., Guay, JP., Knight, R.A. et al. Sadistic Offender or Sexual Sadism? Taxometric Evidence for a Dimensional Structure of Sexual Sadism. Arch Sex Behav 47, 403–416 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10508-017-1068-4

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