Abstract
Over the last two decades there has been a proliferation of partnerships between business and government, multilateral bodies, and/or social actors such as NGOs and local community organizations engaged in promoting development. While proponents hail these partnerships as an important new approach to engaging business, critics argue that they are not only generally ineffective but also serve to legitimate a neo-liberal, global economic order which inhibits development. In order to understand and evaluate the role of such partnerships, it is necessary to appreciate their diversity with respect to not only the activities that they engage in, but also the degree to which they are subject to social control. This paper distinguishes four different types of business partnerships, based upon differing degrees of social control: conventional business; corporate social responsibility; corporate accountability; and social economy. Each type of partnership is described, their basic forms are noted, and the conditions and prospects for them contributing to development are examined. By way of conclusion, an analysis is offered of how the different types of business partnerships relate to different conceptions of development and function as policy paradigms to promote different globalization agendas.
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Abbreviations
- CAP:
-
corporate accountability partnership
- CBP:
-
conventional business partnership
- CSRP:
-
corporate social responsibility partnership
- ETI:
-
Ethical Trading Initiative
- FAO:
-
Food and Agriculture Organization
- FLA:
-
Fair Labor Association
- FLO:
-
Fair Labelling Organization
- FSC:
-
Forest Stewardship Council
- FWF:
-
Fair Wear Foundation
- ICA:
-
International Cooperative Alliance
- ICC:
-
International Chamber of Commerce
- IFI:
-
International Financial Institution
- ILO:
-
International Labour Organization
- ISO:
-
International Organization for Standardization
- MDGs:
-
Millennium Development Goals
- NGO:
-
Non-governmental organization
- NSMD:
-
non-state market-driven initiative
- OECD:
-
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
- SEP:
-
social economy partnership
- SEWA:
-
Self-Employed Women’s Association
- TNC:
-
transnational corporation
- UCIRI:
-
Unión de Comunidades indígenas de la Regiódel Istmo (Union of Indigenous Communities of the Region of the Isthmus)
- UNCED:
-
United Nations Conference on the Environment and Development
- UNDP:
-
United Nations Development Program
- UNGC:
-
United Nations Global Compact
- WBCSD:
-
World Business Council for Sustainable Development
- WCED:
-
World Commission on Environment and Development
- WRC:
-
Workers Rights Consortium
- WSF:
-
World Social Forum
- WSSD:
-
World Summit on Sustainable Development
- WRAP:
-
Worldwide Responsible Apparel Production
- SAI:
-
Social Accountability International
- WTO:
-
World Trade Organization
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Reed, A.M., Reed, D. Partnerships for Development: Four Models of Business Involvement. J Bus Ethics 90 (Suppl 1), 3–37 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9913-y
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-008-9913-y