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A review: dietary and endogenously formed N-nitroso compounds and risk of childhood brain tumors

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Abstract

Maternal dietary exposure to N-nitroso compounds (NOC) or to their precursors during pregnancy has been associated with risk of childhood brain tumors. Cured meat is one source of exposure to dietary NOC and their precursors. Most epidemiological studies that have examined the role of maternal consumption of cured meats during pregnancy have found a significant positive association between maternal intake of cured meat and the risk of childhood brain tumor (CBT). NOC consist of two main groups, N-nitrosamines and N-nitrosamides. The carcinogenicity profiles of NOC suggest that N-nitrosamides rather than N-nitrosamines are the compounds that may be associated with CBT and that they should be investigated more closely in epidemiological studies. We present a review of the chemical and carcinogenic properties of NOC in connection with the findings of case–control studies. This approach may be helpful in determining the essential information that must be collected in future epidemiological studies on CBT.

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Abbreviations

NOC:

N-nitroso compounds

NO x :

nitrogen oxides

VNA:

volatile N-nitrosamines

NVNA:

non−volatile N-nitrosamines

NDMA:

N-nitrosodimethylamine

NDEA:

N-nitrosodiethylamine

NPYR:

N-nitrosopyrrolidine

NPIP:

N-nitrosopiperidine

MNU:

Methylnitrosourea (N-nitroso-N-methyLurea)

ENU:

Ethylnitrosourea (N-nitroso-N-ethyLurea)

NTHZ:

N-nitrosothiazolidine

NHMTCA:

N-nitroso-2-(hydroxymethyl)-thiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid

NTCA:

N-nitrosothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid

NTHZCA:

N-nitrosothiazolidine-4-carboxylic acid and related homologues.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, 94720-7360, USA

    Marion Dietrich, Gladys Block & Patricia Buffler

  2. Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90033-0800, USA

    Janice M. Pogoda & Susan Preston -Martin

  3. The Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA

    Stephen Hecht

  4. Jean Mayer United States Department of Agriculture, Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA, 02111, USA

    Marion Dietrich

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  1. Marion Dietrich
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Correspondence to Marion Dietrich.

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Dietrich, M., Block, G., Pogoda, J.M. et al. A review: dietary and endogenously formed N-nitroso compounds and risk of childhood brain tumors. Cancer Causes Control 16, 619–635 (2005). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10552-005-0168-y

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