Abstract
The PEP-R (psychoeducational profile revised) is an instrument that has been used in many countries to assess abilities and formulate treatment programs for children with autism and related developmental disorders. To the end to provide further information on the PEP-R’s psychometric properties, a large sample (N = 137) of children presenting Autistic Disorder symptoms under the age of 12 years, including low-functioning individuals, was examined. Results yielded data of interest especially in terms of: Cronbach’s alpha, interrater reliability, and validation with the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. These findings help complete the instrument’s statistical description and augment its usefulness, not only in designing treatment programs for these individuals, but also as an instrument for verifying the efficacy of intervention.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
American Academy of Neurology. (2000). Practice parameter: Screening and diagnosis of autistic spectrum disorders. Neurology, 55(4), 468–479.
American Psychiatric Association. (2000). DSM IV-TR diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (4th ed., text revision). Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association.
Arduino, M. (2005). Valutazione degli esiti: uno studio attraverso il PEP-R. Autismo e disturbi dello sviluppo, 3(1), 99–126.
Balboni, G., Pedrabissi, L., Molteni, M., & Villa, S. (2001). Discriminant validity of the Vineland Scales: Score profiles of individuals with mental retardation and a specific disorder. American Journal of Mental Retardation, 106(2), 162–172.
Burack, J. A., & Volkmar, F. R. (1992). Development of low- and high-functioning autistic children. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 33, 607–616.
Carter, A. S., Volkmar, F. R., Sparrow, S. S., Wang, J. J., Lord, C., Dawson, G., et al. (1998). The Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales: Supplementary norms for individuals with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 28(4), 287–302.
Cicchetti, D. V. (1994). Guidelines, criteria and rules of thumb for evaluating normed and standardized assessment instruments in psychology. Psychological Assessment, 6, 284–290.
Cicchetti, D. V., & Sparrow, S. S. (1981). Developing criteria for establishing interrater reliability of specific items: Assessment of adaptive behavior. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 86, 127–137.
Cicchetti, D. V., Sparrow, S. S., & Rourke, B. P. (1991). Adaptive behavior profiles of psychologically disturbed and developmentally disables children. In J. L. Matson & J. Mulich (Eds.), Handbook of mental retardation (Chap. 15 (pp. 222–239). New York: Pergamon.
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences (2nd ed.). Hillsdale, NJ: Erlbaum.
Cronbach, L. J. (1951). Coefficient alpha and the internal structure of tests. Psychometrika, 16, 297–334.
De Leon, V., Bosa, C., Hugo, C., & Hutz, C. S. (2004). Psychometric properties of the psychoeducational profile revised: PEP-R. Avaliação Psicologica, 3(1), 39–52.
Delmolino, L. M. (2006). Brief report: Use of DQ for estimating cognitive ability in young children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 36(7), 959–963.
Elia, M., Ferri, R., Musumeci, S. A., Panerai, S., Bottitta, M., & Scuderi, C. (2000). Clinical correlates of brain morphometric features of subjects with low-functioning autistic disorder. Journal of Child Neurology, 15(8), 504–508.
Filipek, P. A., Accardo, P. J., Ashwal, S., Baranek, G. T., Cook, E. H., Dawson, G., et al. (2000). Practice parameter: Screening and diagnosis of autism. Neurology, 55, 468–479.
Ka-ting Lam, M., & Rao, N. (1993). Developing a Chinese version of the psychoeducational profile (CPEP) to assess autistic children in Hong Kong. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 23(2), 273–279.
Kikas, E., & Häidkind, P. (2003). Letter to the editor: Developing an Estonian version of the psychoeducational profile revised (PEP-R). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 33(2), 217.
Klin, A., Carter, A., Volkmar, F. R., Cohen, D. J., Marans, W. D., & Sparrow, S. (1997). Assessment issues in children with autism. In D. Cohen & F. Wolkmar (Eds.), Handbook of autism and pervasive developmental disorders (2nd ed., pp. 411–415). NY: John Wiley & Sons.
Klin, A., Saulnier, C., Tsatsanis, K., & Volkmar, F. (2005). Clinical evaluation in autism spectrum disordered: Psychological assessment within a transdisciplinary framework. In F. R. Volkmar, R. Paul, A. Klein, & D. Cohen (Eds.), Handbook of autism and pervasive developmental disorders (3rd ed.). NY: John Wiley & Sons.
Kwok, J., Shek, D. T. L., Tse, J., & Chan, S. (1989). Hong Kong based adaptive behavior scale. Hong Kong: Department of Applied Social Studies, City Polytechnic of Hong Kong.
Lord, C., Rutter, M., Goode, S., et al. (1989). Autism diagnostic observation schedule: A standardized observation of communicative and social behavior. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 19(2), 185–212.
Lord, C., Rutter, M., & Le Couteur, A. (1994). Autism diagnostic interview-revised: A recise version of a diagnostic interview for caregivers of individuals with possible pervasive developmental disorders. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 24, 659–685.
Magiati, I., & Howlin, P. (2001). Monitoring the progress of preschool children with autism enrolled in early intervention programmes: Problems in cognitive assessment. Autism, 5(4), 399–406.
McCarthy, P. L., Cicchetti, D. V., Sznajderman, S. D., Forsyth, B. C., Baron, M. A., Fink, H. D., et al. (1991). Demographic, clinical and psychosocial predictors of the reliability of mothers’ clinical judgments. Pediatrics, 88, 1041–1046.
Muris, P., Steerneman, P., & Ratering, E. (1997). Brief report: Interrater reliability of the psychoeducational profile (PEP). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 27(5), 621–626.
Ozonoff, S., & Cathcart, K. (1998). Effectiveness of a home program intervention for young children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 28(1), 25–32.
Panerai, S., Ferrante, L., & Zingale, M. (2002). Benefits of the treatment and education of autistic and communication handicapped children (TEACCH) programme as compared with a non-specific approach. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 46(4), 318–327.
Panerai, S., Zingale, M., Trubia, G., Finocchiaro, M., Zuccarello, R., Ferri, R., & Elia, M. (2009). Special education versus inclusive education: The role of the TEACCH Program. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, Feb 10 (Epub ahead of print).
Ramelli, G. P., Silacci, C., Ferrarini, A., Cattaneo, C., Visconti, P., & Pescia, G. (2008). Microduplication 22q11.2 in a child with autism spectrum disorder: Clinical and genetic study. Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, 50(12), 953–955.
Schatz, J., & Hamdan-Allen, G. (1995). Effects of age and IQ on adaptive behavior domains for children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 25(1), 51–60.
Schopler, E. (1997). Implementation of TEACCH philosophy. In D. J. Cohen & F. R. Volkmar (Eds.), Handbook of autism and pervasive developmental disorders (2nd ed., pp. 767–795). NY: John Wiley & Sons.
Schopler, E., Lansing, M. D., Reichler, R. J., & Marcus, L. M. (2005). PEP-3 psychoeducational profile (3rd ed.). Austin: Pro-Ed.
Schopler, E., & Reichler, R. J. (1979). Individual assessment and treatment for autistic and developmental disabled children: Vol. 1. Psychoeducational profile. Baltimore: University Park Press.
Schopler, E., Reichler, R. J., Bashford, A., Lansing, M. D., & Marcus, L. M. (1990). Individual assessment and treatment for autistic and developmental disabled children: Vol. 1. Psychoeducational profile revised (PEP-R). Austin: Pro-Ed.
Schopler, E., Reichler, R. J., & Rochen Renner, B. (1988). The childhood autism rating scale (CARS). Los Angeles: Western Psychological Services.
Shek, D. T. L., Tsang, S. K. M., Lam, L. L., Tang, F. L. Y., & Cheung, P. M. P. (2005). Psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the psycho-educational profile-revised (CPEP-R). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 35(1), 37–44.
Snijders, J. T., & Snijders-Oomens, N. (1975). Snijders-Oomens niet-verbale intelligentietest (Snijders—Oomens non verbal intelligence test) 2½ − 7. Gronigen: Woltesr-Noordhoff.
Sparrow, S. S., Balla, D. A., & Cicchetti, D. V. (1984). Vineland Adaptive Behaviour Scales. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service. Italian Edition by G. Balboni & L. Pedrabissi (2003). Florence: O.S. Edition.
Steerneman, P., Muris, P., Merckerlbach, H., & Willems, H. (1997). Assessment of development and abnormal behavior in children with pervasive disorders. Evidence for the reliability and validity of the revised psychoeducational profile. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 27(2), 177–185.
Stutsman, R. (1948). Merrill-palmer scale of mental tests. Los Angeles, CA: Western Psychological Services.
Thorndike, R. L., Hagen, E. P., & Sattler, J. M. (1986). Stanford Binet intelligence scale. Itasca, IL: Riverside Publishing.
Van Berckelaer-Onnes, I., & van Duijn, G. (1993). A comparison between the handicaps behaviour and skills schedule and the psychoeducayional profile. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 23(2), 263–272.
World Health Organization. (1992). The ICD-10 classification of mental and behavioural disorders. Descriptions and diagnostic guidelines. Geneva: W.H.O.
Acknowledgments
The authors would like to thank the colleagues of the Developmental Psychopathology Unit of the Eugenio Medea Scientific Institute for their cooperation in the study, especially Elisa Mani, Cristina Motta, Giuseppe Aceti, Barbara Urbani, Maura Mariani, Rosaria Fontana, Stefano Buson, Antonella Terraneo, Moira Mambretti, Silvia Saporiti, Piera Carganico and Maria Nobile.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Enrico Micheli is deceased.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Villa, S., Micheli, E., Villa, L. et al. Further Empirical Data on the Psychoeducational Profile-Revised (PEP-R): Reliability and Validation with the Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. J Autism Dev Disord 40, 334–341 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-009-0877-2
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10803-009-0877-2