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Reduction of the relative centrifugal force influences cell number and growth factor release within injectable PRF-based matrices

  • Clinical Applications of Biomaterials
  • Original Research
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Abstract

Platelet rich fibrin (PRF) is a blood concentrate system obtained by centrifugation of peripheral blood. First PRF matrices exhibited solid fibrin scaffold, more recently liquid PRF-based matrix was developed by reducing the relative centrifugation force and time. The aim of this study was to systematically evaluate the influence of RCF (relative centrifugal force) on cell types and growth factor release within injectable PRF- in the range of 60–966 g using consistent centrifugation time. Numbers of cells was analyzed using automated cell counting (platelets, leukocytes, neutrophils, lymphocytes and monocytes) and histomorphometrically (CD 61, CD- 45, CD-15+, CD-68+, CD-3+ and CD-20). ELISA was utilized to quantify the concentration of growth factors and cytokines including PDGF-BB, TGF-β1, EGF, VEGF and MMP-9. Leukocytes, neutrophils, monocytes and lymphocytes had significantly higher total cell numbers using lower RCF. Whereas, platelets in the low and medium RCF ranges both demonstrated significantly higher values when compared to the high RCF group. Histomorphometrical analysis showed a significantly high number of CD61+, CD-45+ and CD-15+ cells in the low RCF group whereas CD-68+, CD-3+ and CD-20+ demonstrated no statistically significant differences between all groups. Total growth factor release of PDGF-BB, TGF-β1 and EGF had similar values using low and medium RCF, which were both significantly higher than those in the high RCF group. VEGF and MMP-9 were significantly higher in the low RCF group compared to high RCF. These findings support the LSCC (low speed centrifugation concept), which confirms that improved PRF-based matrices may be generated through RCF reduction. The enhanced regenerative potential of PRF-based matrices makes them a potential source to serve as a natural drug delivery system. However, further pre-clinical and clinical studies are required to evaluate the regeneration capacity of this system.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank Mrs. Verena Hoffmann for her excellent technical assistance. This work was partially funded by Marie Curie Actions under EU FP7 Initial Training Network SNAL 608184.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department for Oral, Cranio-Maxillofacial and Facial Plastic Surgery, FORM (Frankfurt Orofacial Regenerative Medicine) Lab, University Hospital Frankfurt Goethe University, Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590, Frankfurt am Main, Germany

    Simon Wend, Alica Kubesch, Anna Orlowska, Sarah Al-Maawi, Niklas Zender, Andre Dias, Robert Sader, Patrick Booms, C. James Kirkpatrick, Joseph Choukroun & Shahram Ghanaati

  2. Department of Periodontology, College of Dental Medicine, Nova Southeastern University, Fort Lauderdale, Florida, USA

    Richard J. Miron

  3. Pain Therapy Center, Nice, France

    Joseph Choukroun

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  1. Simon Wend
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Correspondence to Shahram Ghanaati.

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The authors declare that they have no competing interests. Joseph Choukroun is the owner of PROCESS. None of the present protocols have been approved yet for clinical application.

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Wend, S., Kubesch, A., Orlowska, A. et al. Reduction of the relative centrifugal force influences cell number and growth factor release within injectable PRF-based matrices. J Mater Sci: Mater Med 28, 188 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10856-017-5992-6

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