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Religious Discrimination in the Workplace: A Review and Examination of Current and Future Trends

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Abstract

Purpose

Over the last decade, religious discrimination claims have risen more rapidly compared to most other protected categories under the Civil Rights Act (CRA). The goal of this review paper is to summarize the psychological and HR practitioner-focused research on religious discrimination as it relates to the CRA to understand these religious discrimination claims. In doing so, this review also highlights what future research is needed, and what the challenges and practical implications of religious discrimination are for managers.

Design/methodology/approach

We conduct a systematic literature review of the psychology and business research on religious discrimination.

Findings

Building from the literature review and case law, we highlight four trends that contribute to religious discrimination in the workplace: (1) legal ambiguities, (2) increased religious diversity in the American workforce, (3) increasing expression of religious beliefs, and (4) the unique nature of religion.

Implications

The trends identified in our review paper highlight the need for employers to understand and address religious discrimination issues in the workplace and the lack of empirical research in this area points to a critical gap in our understanding of workplace religious discrimination that warrants future research.

Originality/value

In addition to highlighting trends that contribute to religious discrimination in the workplace, this literature review addresses where there are gaps in the existing research that call for further research and offers practical implications for employers and organizations.

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Notes

  1. The cases represented in their respective order are Buonanno v. AT&T Broadband LLC ( 2004 ), Anderson v. Orange County Transit Authority (1996), and a religious discrimination lawsuit filed by Carletta Sims against CitiGroup as reported in the Elizabethton Star (2004).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Shidler College of Business, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, 96822, USA

    Sonia Ghumman

  2. Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA

    Ann Marie Ryan

  3. School of Business Administration, Oakland University, Rochester, MI, 48309, USA

    Lizabeth A. Barclay & Karen S. Markel

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  1. Sonia Ghumman
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Correspondence to Sonia Ghumman.

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Ghumman, S., Ryan, A.M., Barclay, L.A. et al. Religious Discrimination in the Workplace: A Review and Examination of Current and Future Trends. J Bus Psychol 28, 439–454 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10869-013-9290-0

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