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TLR3 plays significant roles against hepatitis B virus

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Abstract

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) as the main prevalent infectious agent, play important roles in inducing severe liver diseases. Previous studies demonstrated that during prolonged forms of hepatitis B infection including chronic, asymptomatic and occult forms, patients are unable to eradicate HBV from hepatocytes completely. The main mechanisms responsible for development of the forms of hepatitis B are yet to be identified. Investigators suggested that the various genetic and immunological parameters of the patients may are responsible for resulting in the prolonged infection forms. It has been evidenced that TLRs play key roles in inducing appropriate immune responses, against viral infections. Therefore, these molecules can be considered as crucial sensors for HBV detection to induce immune responses against this virus. It has also been documented that the TLR3 detects intracellular viral dsRNA and subsequently activates NF-κB via the TRIF pathway. Therefore, impaired TLR3 expression may result in inappropriate immune responses against HBV which is reported in prolonged forms of hepatitis B. This review collected the recent information regarding the important roles of TLR3 in immune responses against HBV and also the status of TLR3 expression and its genetic variations in prolonged forms of HBV infections.

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Abbreviations

TLR:

Toll like receptor

PAMP:

Pathogen associated molecular patterns

HBV:

Hepatitis B virus

MYD88:

Myeloid differentiation primary response

IRAK1:

Interleukin-1 receptor associated kinase-1

TRAF6:

TNF receptor associated factor

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells

DNMT-1:

DNA methyltransferase 1

TAK1:

Transforming growth factor b-activated kinase 1

MAPK:

Mitogen-activated protein kinase

AP-1:

Activator protein 1

PBMC:

Peripheral blood mononuclear cell

NADPH:

Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate

MHC:

Major histocompatibility complex

IRF:

Interferon regulatory factor

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Acknowledgments

This project was granted by the Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran

    Masoud Karimi-Googheri

  2. Immunology of Infectious Diseases Research Center, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran

    Mohammad Kazemi Arababadi

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  1. Masoud Karimi-Googheri
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Correspondence to Mohammad Kazemi Arababadi.

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Karimi-Googheri, M., Arababadi, M.K. TLR3 plays significant roles against hepatitis B virus. Mol Biol Rep 41, 3279–3286 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11033-014-3190-x

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