Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

In vitro antifungal efficacy of ciclopirox olamine alone and associated with zinc pyrithione compared to ketoconazole against Malassezia globosa and Malassezia restricta reference strains

  • Published:
Mycopathologia Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the in vitro fungicidal and growth inhibitory activity of ciclopirox olamine alone (1% and 1.5%) or in association with 1% zinc pyrithione compared to 2% ketoconazole, against Malassezia species particularly involved in the pathogenesis of seborrheic dermatitis. Experiments were performed on Malassezia globosa IP 2387.96 and M. restricta IP 2392.96 strains. Growth inhibitory activity of the active compounds in solution was evaluated by measuring minimal inhibitory concentrations using a broth micro-method and their fungicidal activity by a filtration method after contact times between solutions and yeasts ranging from 3–5 to 30 min. Concerning the determination of minimal inhibitory concentration of ciclopirox olamine/zinc pyrithione, it revealed the marked synergistic inhibitory effect of the association, leading to a higher efficacy compared to ketoconazole. As to the fungicidal activity of ciclopirox olamine, it significantly increased with the contact time. After 15–30 min of contact between 1.5% ciclopirox olamine and Malassezia strains, a 2-log reduction of Malassezia counts was observed. The 1.5% ciclopirox olamine/1% zinc pyrithione association was characterized by a steady fungicidal efficacy whereas the 2% ketoconazole solution did not express any fungicidal effect. In conclusion, this study demonstrates the in vitro inhibitory and fungicidal efficacy of the ciclopirox olamine/zinc pyrithione association against Malassezia species and underscores its potential interest in the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Abbreviations

SD:

Seborrheic dermatitis

CPO:

Ciclopirox olamine

ZP:

Zinc pyrithione

MIC:

Minimal Inhibitory Concentration

References

  1. AK Gupta R. Bluhm (2004) ArticleTitleSeborrheic dermatitis J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol 18 13–26 Occurrence Handle14678527 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD2c%2Fpt1Snuw%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1111/j.1468-3083.2004.00693.x

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  2. Gupta AK, Batra R, Bluhm R et al. Skin diseases associated with Malassezia species. J Am Acad Dermatol 2004; 785–798.

  3. AK Gupta K. Nicol (2004) ArticleTitleThe use of sulphur in dermatology J Drugs Dermatol 3 427–431 Occurrence Handle15303787

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  4. RB Skinner PW Noah RM Taylor et al. (1985) ArticleTitleDouble blind treatment of seborrheic dermatitis with 2% ketoconazole cream J Am Acad Dermatol 12 852–856 Occurrence Handle3159759 Occurrence Handle10.1016/S0190-9622(85)70107-7

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  5. C Pierard-Franchimont JF Hermanns H Degreef et al. (2000) ArticleTitleFrom axioms to new insights into dandruff Dermatology 200 93–98 Occurrence Handle10773693 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c3jsleisA%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1159/000018337

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. A Nakabayashi Y Sei J. Guillot (2000) ArticleTitleIdentification of Malassezia species isolated from patients with seborrhoeic dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, pityriasis versicolor and normal subjects Med Mycol 38 337–341 Occurrence Handle11092380 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MzitF2nsg%3D%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. J Faergemann (2002) ArticleTitleAtopic dermatitis and fungi Clin Microbiol Rev 15 545–563 Occurrence Handle12364369 Occurrence Handle10.1128/CMR.15.4.545-563.2002

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  8. K Makimura Y Tamura M Kudo et al. (2000) ArticleTitleSpecies identification and strain typing of Malassezia species stock strains and clinical isolates based on the DNA sequences of nuclear ribosomal internal transcribed spacer 1 regions J Med Microbiol 49 29–35 Occurrence Handle10628823 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXltFSlsg%3D%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. T Sugita H Suto T Unno et al. (2001) ArticleTitleMolecular analysis of molecular microflora on the skin of atopic dermatitis patients and healthy subjects J Clin Microbiol 39 3486–3490 Occurrence Handle11574560 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXnslKitbw%3D Occurrence Handle10.1128/JCM.39.10.3486-3490.2001

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  10. CM Gemmer YM Angelis ParticleDe B Theelen et al. (2002) ArticleTitleFast, non-invasive method for molecular detection and differentiation of Malassezia yeast species on human skin and application of the method to dandruff microbiology J Clin Microbiol 40 3350–3357 Occurrence Handle12202578 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XnsVClt7w%3D Occurrence Handle10.1128/JCM.40.9.3350-3357.2002

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  11. BA Johnson JR. Nunley (2000) ArticleTitleTreatment of seborrheic dermatitis Am Fam Physician 61 2703–2710 Occurrence Handle10821151 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c3nvFWksw%3D%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  12. RU Peter U. Richarz-Barthauer (1995) ArticleTitleSuccessful treatment and prophylaxis of scalp seborrhoeic dermatitis and dandruff with 2% ketoconazole shampoo: results of a multicentre, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial Br J Dermatol 132 441–445 Occurrence Handle7718463 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:ByqB3svlsFA%3D Occurrence Handle10.1111/j.1365-2133.1995.tb08680.x

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  13. C Pierard-Franchimont GE Pierard JE Arrese P Doncker ParticleDe (2001) ArticleTitleEffect of ketoconazole 1% and 2% shampoos on severe dandruff and seborrhoeic dermatitis: clinical, squamometric and mycological assessments Dermatology 202 171–176 Occurrence Handle11306850 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXjs12htrk%3D Occurrence Handle10.1159/000051628

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  14. AK Gupta R. Bluhm (2004) ArticleTitleCiclopirox shampoo for treating seborrheic dermatitis Skin Therapy Lett 9 4–5

    Google Scholar 

  15. JH Lee HC Eunc KH. Cho (2003) ArticleTitleSuccessful treatment of dandruff with 1.5% ciclopirox olamine shampoo in Korea J Dermatolog Treat 14 212–214 Occurrence Handle14660265 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXjtF2ktQ%3D%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. D. Abeck (2004) ArticleTitleRational of frequency of use of ciclopirox 1% shampoo in the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis: Results of a double-blind, placebo-controlled study comparing the efficacy of once, twice, and three times weekly usage Int J Dermatol 43 S13–S16 Occurrence Handle10.1111/j.1461-1244.2004.02382.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  17. M Lebwohl T. Plott (2004) ArticleTitleSafety and efficacy of ciclopirox 1% shampoo for the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp in the US population : Results of a double-blind, vehicle-controlled trial Int J Dermatol 43 S17–S20 Occurrence Handle10.1111/j.1461-1244.2004.02409.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. C Pierard-Franchimont V Goffin J Decroix et al. (2002) ArticleTitleA multicenter randomized trial of ketoconazole 2% and zinc pyrithione 1% shampoos in severe dandruff and seborrheic dermatitis Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physio l15 434–441 Occurrence Handle10.1159/000066452 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XpsVSisrc%3D

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. R Marks AD Pearse AP. Walker (1985) ArticleTitleThe effects of a shampoo containing zinc pyrithione on the control of dandruff Br J Dermatol 112 415–422 Occurrence Handle3158327 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:BiqC1Mbms1E%3D Occurrence Handle10.1111/j.1365-2133.1985.tb02314.x

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  20. RA Squire K Goode (2002) ArticleTitleA randomised, single-blind, single-centre clinical trial to evaluate comparative clinical efficacy of shampoos containing ciclopirox olamine (1.5%) and salicyclic acid (3%), or ketoconazole (Nizoral®) for the treatment of dandruff/seborrhoeic dermatitis J Dermatolog Treat 13 51–60 Occurrence Handle12060502 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38Xmt1aitr8%3D Occurrence Handle10.1080/095466302317584395

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  21. DG Saple G Ravichandran A. Desai (2000) ArticleTitleEvaluation of safety and efficacy of ketoconazole 2% and zinc pyrithione 1% shampoo in patients with moderate to severe dandruff – a postmarketing study J Indian Med Assoc 98 810–811 Occurrence Handle11394481 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MzislartQ%3D%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. C Pierard-Franchimont GE Pierard V Vroome et al. (2000) ArticleTitleComparative anti-dandruff efficacy between a tar and a non-tar shampoo Dermatology 200 181–184 Occurrence Handle10773717 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXjsFGjtLk%3D Occurrence Handle10.1159/000018362

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  23. AFNOR. Recueil des normes “Antiseptiques et désinfectants” 1991

  24. A Markus (1999) Hydroxy-pyridones: Outstanding biological properties S. Shuster (Eds) Hydroxy-pyridones as antifungal agents with special emphasis on onychomycosis Springer Berlin 1–10

    Google Scholar 

  25. HK Reitze KA Seitz DR Dannhorn (1999) Enzyme histochemical investigations of Candida albicans after treatment with rilopirox, a novel fungicidal hydroxyl-pyridone S. Shuster (Eds) Hydroxy-pyridones as antifungal agents with special emphasis on onychomycosis Springer Berlin 11–17

    Google Scholar 

  26. M Niewerth M Schaller HC Korting B. Hube (2002) ArticleTitleMode of action of ciclopiroxolamine on Candida albicans Mycoses 45 63–68 Occurrence Handle12073566 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD38XktF2ksr8%3D Occurrence Handle10.1046/j.1439-0507.2002.00743.x

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. SG Jue GW Dawson RN Brogden (1985) ArticleTitleCiclopirox Olamine 1% cream. A preliminary review of its antimicrobial activity and therapeutic use Drugs 29 330–341 Occurrence Handle3158508 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:BiqB3czltlA%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  28. Hanel H, Smith-Kurtz E, Pastowsky S. Therapy of seborrheic eczema with an antifungal agent with an antiphlogistic effect. Mycoses 34 suppl 1991; 1: 91–93.

    Google Scholar 

  29. P Jomard J Luc C. Roques (2004) ArticleTitle In vitro fungicidal efficacy of ciclopirox J Mycol Med 14 78–82

    Google Scholar 

  30. A Velegraki EC Alexopoulos S Kriticou et al. (2004) ArticleTitleUse of fatty acid RPMI 1640 media for testing susceptibilities of eight Malassezia species to the new triazole posaconazole and to six established antifungal agents by a modified NCCLS M27-A2 microdilution method and Etest J Clin Microbiol 42 3589–3593 Occurrence Handle15297502 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXnt1Ogt7Y%3D Occurrence Handle10.1128/JCM.42.8.3589-3593.2004

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. P Altemeyer K. Hoffmann (2004) ArticleTitleEfficacy of different concentrations of ciclopirox shampoo for the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis of the scalp: Results of a randomized, double-blind, vehicle-controlled trial Int J Dermatol 43 S9–S12 Occurrence Handle10.1111/j.1461-1244.2004.02381.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. RR Warner JR Schwartz et al. (2001) ArticleTitleDandruff has an altered stratum corneum ultrastructure that is improved with zinc pyrithione shampoo J Am Acad Dermatol 45 897–903 Occurrence Handle11712036 Occurrence Handle1:STN:280:DC%2BD3MnmsFOqsA%3D%3D Occurrence Handle10.1067/mjd.2001.117849

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. MH Sandtröm Falk M Tengvall Linder C Johansson J Bartosik O Bäck T Särnhult CF Wahlgren A Scheynius J. Faergemann (2005) ArticleTitleThe prevalence of Malassezia yeasts in patients with atopic dermatitis, seborrhoeic dermatitis and healthy controls Acta Derm Venereol 85 17–23 Occurrence Handle10.1080/00015550410022276

    Article  Google Scholar 

  34. AC Bulmer GS Bulmer (1999) ArticleTitleThe antifungal action of dandruff shampoos Mycopathologia 147 63–65 Occurrence Handle10967964 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3cXmsVGhtbo%3D Occurrence Handle10.1023/A:1007132830164

    Article  PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  35. P Mayser H Argembeaux F. Rippke (2003) ArticleTitleThe hair strand test – a new method for testing antifungal effects of antidandruff preparations J Cosmet Sci 54 263–270 Occurrence Handle12858225 Occurrence Handle1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3sXnt1yqur0%3D

    PubMed  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. G Lorette V. Ermosilla (2006) ArticleTitleClinical efficacy of a new ciclopiroxolamine/zinc pyrithione shampoo in scalp seborrheic dermatitis treatment Eur J Dermatol. 16 1–7

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, FONDEREPHAR, Toulouse, France

    Christine Roques, Sabine Brousse & Cédric Panizzutti

  2. Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Laboratory of Bacteriology, Virology and Industrial Microbiology, 35, chemin des Maraîchers, Toulouse cedex 4, 31062, France

    Christine Roques

Authors
  1. Christine Roques
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Sabine Brousse
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Cédric Panizzutti
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Christine Roques.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Roques, C., Brousse, S. & Panizzutti, C. In vitro antifungal efficacy of ciclopirox olamine alone and associated with zinc pyrithione compared to ketoconazole against Malassezia globosa and Malassezia restricta reference strains. Mycopathologia 162, 395–400 (2006). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-006-0075-0

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-006-0075-0

Keywords

Search

Navigation