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Penicillium marneffei Infection: An Emerging Disease in Mainland China

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Abstract

Penicillium marneffei is an emerging pathogenic fungus that can cause a life-threatening systemic mycosis in immunocompromised hosts, especially in patients with AIDS. This infection is endemic in Southeast Asia. With the prevalence of AIDS in this area, the number of patients with systemic penicilliosis marneffei is found to be increasing rapidly in mainland China in recent years. We recently reviewed 668 cases of penicilliosis marneffei in mainland China from January 1984 to December 2009 in cnki, cqvip, CBMdisc and PubMed. We analyzed epidemiological and clinical features, laboratory findings, reaction to therapy and prognosis of the disease. We found that 99.4 % of the cases were reported in the southern part of China; among these cases, 42.8 % were from Guangxi (286 cases) and 40.6 % were from Guangdong province (271 cases). Five hundred and eighty-six cases (87.7 %) of penicilliosis marneffei were reported with infection by the human immunodeficiency virus, 25 cases (3.8 %) with other immunocompromised diseases, and 57 cases (8.5 %) without any documented underlying diseases. Fever, weight loss, anemia, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, respiratory signs and skin lesions were the common clinical manifestations of P. marneffei infections. The 569 cases received antifungal therapy with a mortality of 24.3 % (138 cases), 99 cases who had not received antifungal therapy had a mortality of 50.6 %. P. marneffei was an emerging pathogenic fungus and become a medical and public health importance in mainland China. The immunocompromised patients should pay more attention to P. marneffei infection in the endemic areas.

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Acknowledgments

We sincerely thank Prof. Glenn S. Bulmer for his assistance in English revision. This work was kindly supported by the Key Program of National Natural Science Foundation of China (U0932003).

Conflict of interest

The authors report no conflicts of interest. The authors alone are responsible for the content and writing of this paper.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Dermatology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, 107 West Yanjiang Rd, Guangzhou, 510120, China

    Yongxuan Hu, Junmin Zhang, Xiqing Li, Yabo Yang, Yong Zhang, Jianchi Ma & Liyan Xi

  2. Department of Dermatology and Venereology, The 3rd Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, 183 West Zhongshan Rd, Guangzhou, 510630, China

    Yongxuan Hu

Authors
  1. Yongxuan Hu
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  2. Junmin Zhang
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  3. Xiqing Li
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Liyan Xi.

Appendix

Appendix

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Hu, Y., Zhang, J., Li, X. et al. Penicillium marneffei Infection: An Emerging Disease in Mainland China. Mycopathologia 175, 57–67 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11046-012-9577-0

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