Abstract
Prevention and amelioration of Mibyou (sub-healthy condition) is the critical target for disease prevention including age-related diseases and cancer although the Mibyou condition is not yet pathologically defined. Since the oxidative stress is an underlying basic etiology associated with many diseases and aging, the psychologically induced oxidative stress, especially in the brain was supposed as one of the pathology of Mibyou. Several traditional herbal prescriptions applied for the brain disorder were found effective to prevent cerebral oxidative stress induced by ischemia/reperfusion and also under psychological distress produced by whiskers cut in mice. Shengmai San comprising three herbs, Panax ginseng, Ophiopogon japonicus and Schisandra chinensis is a traditional herbal medicine formula having a long history of using as a remedy and clinical prescription to treat coronal heart diseases. Multifunctional aspect of traditional herbal prescription was discussed in terms of preventing oxidative injury in the brain using Shengmai San as a typical prescription.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Halliwell B, Guteridge JMC (1985) Oxygnen toxicity, oxygen radicals, transition metals, and disease. Biochem J 21:1–14
Liu JK, Mori A (1999) Stress, aging, brain oxidative damage. Neurochem Res 24:1479–1497. doi:10.1023/A:1022597010078
Nunomura A, Castellani RJ, Zhu X, Moreira PI, Perry G, Smith MA (2006) Involvement of oxidative stress in Alzheimer disease. J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 65:631–641. doi:10.1097/01.jnen.0000228136.58062.bf
Kidd PM (2008) Alzheimer disease, amnestic mild cognitive impairment, and age-associated memory impairment: current understanding and progress toward integrative prevention. Altern Med Rev 13:85–115
Ebadi M, Sharma S (2006) Metallothioneins 1 and 2 attenuate peroxynitrite-induced oxidative stress in Parkinson disease. Exp Biol Med 231:1576–1583
Danielson SR, Andersen K (2008) Oxidative and nitrative protein modifications in Parkinson’s disease. Free Radic Biol Med 44:1787–1794. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2008.03.005
Fujimura M, Tominaga T, Chan PH (2005) Neuroprotective effect of an antioxidant in ischemic brain injury: involvement of neuronal apoptosis. Neurocrit Care 2:59–66. doi:10.1385/NCC:2:1:059
Mecocci P, Mariani E, Cornacchiola V, Polidori MC (2004) Antioxidants for the treatment of mild cognitive impairment. Neurol Res 26:598–602. doi:10.1179/016164104225017659
Kooncumchoo P, Sharma S, Porter J, Govitrapong P, Ebadi M (2006) Coenzyme Q10 provides neuroprotection in iron-induced apoptosis in dopaminergic neurons. J Mol Neurosci 28:125–142. doi:10.1385/JMN:28:2:125
Gonzalez-Perez O, Moy-Lopez NA, Guzman-Muniz J (2008) Alpha-tocopherol and alpha-lipoic acid. An antioxidant synergy with potential for preventive medicine. Rev Invest Clin 60:58–67
Wei X, Ma Z, Fontanilla CV et al (2008) Caffeic acid phenethyl ester prevents cerebeller granule neurons (CGNs) against glutamate-induced neruotoxicity. Neuroscience 155:1098–1105. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.06.056
Bordet R, Deplanque D, Maboudou P, Puisieux F et al (2000) Increase in endogenous brain superoxide dismutase as a potential mechanism of lipopolysaccharide-induced brain ischemic tolerance. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 20:1190–1196. doi:10.1097/00004647-200008000-00004
Seif-El-Nasr M, Atia AS, Abdelsalam RM (2008) Effect MAO-B inhibition against ischemia-induced oxidative stress in the rat brain. Comparison with a rational antioxidant. Azrneimittelforschung 58:160–167
Watanabe T, Tahara M, Todo S (2008) The novel antioxidant edaravone; from bench to bedside. Cardiovasc Ther 26:101–114. doi:10.1111/j.1527-3466.2008.00041.x
Miyamoto R, Shimakawa S, Suzuki S, Ogihara T, Tamai H (2008) Edaravone prevents kainic acid-induced neuronal death. Brain Res 1209:85–91. doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2008.02.064
Chacon JN, Chedekel MR, Land EJ, Truscott TG (1987) Chemically induced Parkinson’s disease: intermediates in the oxidation of 1-methyl-4-phenylpyridinium ion. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 144:957–964. doi:10.1016/S0006-291X(87)80057-8
Halliwell B, Gutteridge JMC (1985) Oxygen radicals and the nervous system. Trends Neurosci 8:22–26. doi:10.1016/0166-2236(85)90010-4
Ebadi M, Sharma S (2003) Peroxynitrite and mitochondrial dysfunction in the pathogenesis of Parkinson’s disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 5:319–335. doi:10.1089/152308603322110896
Bubber P, Haroutunian V, Fisch G et al (2005) Mitochondrial abnormalities in Alzheimer brain: mechanistic implications. Ann Neurol 57:695–703. doi:10.1002/ana.20474
Plaas M, Karis A, Innos J et al (2008) Alpha-synuclein A30P point-mutaiton generates age-dependent nigrostariatal deficiency in mice. J Physiol Pharmacol 59:205–216
Chiueh CC, Andoh T, Lai AR, Lai E, Krishna G (2000) Neuroprotective strategies in Parkinson’s disease: protection against progression nigral damage induced by free radical. Neurotox Res 2:293–310
Cheng JT (2000) Drug therapy in Chinese traditional medicine. J Clin Pharmacol 40:445–450. doi:10.1177/00912700022009198
Zhang E (ed) (1988) Basic theory of traditional Chinese medicine. Publishing House of Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China
Konishi T, Ichikawa H, Nishida H, Wang XJ (2006) Protection of oxidative brain injury by Chinese herbal medicine. In: Packer L, Hiramatsu M, Yoshikawa T (eds) Herbal medicine & molecular basis in health and disease management. Marcel Dekker, NY, pp 635–642
Ou B, Huang D, Hampsch-woodill M, Flanagan JA (2003) When east meets west: the relationship between yin-yang and antioxidation-oxidation. FASB J 17:127–129. doi:10.1096/fj.02-0527hyp
Adams M, Gmunder F, Hamburger M (2007) Plants traditionally used in age related brain disorders—A survey of ethnobotanical literature. J Ethnopharmacol 113:363–381. doi:10.1016/j.jep.2007.07.016
Iwasaki K, Satoh-Nakagawa T, maruyama M et al (2005) A Randomized, observer-blind, controlled trial of the traditional Chinese medicine Yi-Gan San for improvement of behavioral an psychological symptoms and activities of daily living in dementia patients. J Clin Psychiatry 66:248–252
Liu JK, Edamatsu R, Kabuto H, Mori A (1990) Antioxidant action of Guilingji in the brain of rats with FeCl3-induced epilepsy. Free Radic Biol Med 9:451–454. doi:10.1016/0891-5849(90)90023-C
Liang SM, Chen SY, Kian SQ (2002) Shengmai San––a renowned traditional Chinese medicinal formula. In: Ko KM (ed) Shengmai San. Taylor & Francis, London, pp 1–15
Wang XJ, Ichikawa H, Konishi T (2001) Antioxidant potential of Qizhu Tang, a Chinese herbal medicine, and the effect on cerebral oxidative damage after ischemia-reperfusion in rat. Biol Pharm Bull 24:558–563. doi:10.1248/bpb.24.159
Kraus RS, Pasieczny R, Lariosa-Willingham K et al (2005) Antioxidant properties of minocyclin; neuroprotection in an oxidative stress assay and direct radical-scavenging assay. J Neurochem 94:819–827. doi:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03219.x
Rausch WD, Liu S, Gille G, Radad K (2006) Neuroprotective effects of ginsenosides. Acta Neurobiol Exp 66:369–375
Tang SY, Whiteman M, Peng ZF, Jenner A, Young EL, Halliwell B (2004) Characterization of antioxidant and antiglycation properties and isolation of active ingredients from traditional Chinese medicines. Free Radic Biol Med 36:1575–1587. doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.03.017
Wang XJ, Magara T, Konishi T (1999) Prevention and repair of cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury by Chinese herbal medicine, Shengmai San, in rats. Free Radic Res 31:449–455. doi:10.1080/10715769900301011
Ichikawa H, Konishi T (2002) In vitro antioxidant potentials of traditional Chinese medicine, Shengmai San and their relation to in vivo protective effect on cerebral oxidative damage in rats. Biol Pharm Bull 25:898–903. doi:10.1248/bpb.25.898
Ichikawa h Wang HJ, Konishi T (2002) Role of component herbs in antioxidant activity of Shengmai San, a traditional Chinese medicine formula preventing cerebral oxidative damage in rat. Am J Chin Med 31:509–521
Wang L, Nishida H, Ogawa Y, Konishi T (2003) Prevention of oxidative injury in PC12 cells by a traditional Chinese medicine, Shengmai San, as a model of an antioxidant-based composite formula. Biol Pharm Bull 26:1000–1004. doi:10.1248/bpb.26.1000
Ichikawa H, Wang L, Konishi T (2006) Prevention of cerebral oxidative injury by post-ischemic intravenous administration of Shengmai San. Am J Chin Med 34:591–600. doi:10.1142/S0192415X06004120
Konishi T, Li YJ, Nishida H, Gong M (2005) Modulation of antioxidant gene expression by TCM in mentally stressed mice as a model of sub-healthy condition. MEDIMOND Int Proc of ISNA & SFRR, Asia, pp 79–85
Motoshima T, Sato S, Konishi T (2007) The effect of Zokumei-to on cerebral oxidative stress model in rats and mice. Pharmacometrics 72:57–62
Chen N, Chu PY, Ko KM (2008) Schisandrin B enhances cerebral mitochondrial antioxidant status and structural integrity, and protects against cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in rats. Biol Pharm Bull 31:1387–1391. doi:10.1248/bpb.31.1387
Li YJ, Gong M, Konishi T (2007) Antioxidant Synergism among Component Herbs of Traditional Chinese Medicine Hormula, Shengmai San Studied in vitro and in vivo. J Health Sci 53:692–699. doi:10.1248/jhs.53.692
Wang Q (2001) Traditional Chinese medicine will make new contributions to mankind in treating sub-healthy conditions in the 21 century. J Beijing Univ TCM 24:1–4
Bultz BD, Carlson LE (2005) Emotional distress: the sixth vital sign in cancer care. J Clin Oncol 23:6440–6441. doi:10.1200/JCO.2005.02.3259
Liu JK, Wang XY, Shigenaga MK, Yeo HC, Mori A (1996) Immobilization stress causes oxidative damage to lipid, protein, and DNA in the brain of rat. FASEB J 10:1532–1538
Wang L, Muxin G, Nishida H, Shirakawa C, Sato S, Konishi T (2006) Psychological stress-induced oxidative stress as a model of sub-healthy condition and the effect of TCM. eCAM 4:195–202
Talwar SK, Xu S, Hawley ES, Weiss S, Moxon KA, Chapin JK (2002) Rat navigation guided by remote control. Nature 417:37–38. doi:10.1038/417037a
Rahman MM, Ichiyanagi T, Komiyama T, Sato S, Konishi T (2008) Effects of anthocyanins on psychological stress-induced oxidative stress and neurotransmitter status. J Agric Food Chem 56:7545–7550
Nishida H, Kushida M, Nakajima Y, Ogawa Y, Tatewaki N, Konishi T (2007) Amyloid-b-induced cytotoxicity of PC-12 cell was attenuated by Shengmai San through redox regulation and outgrowth induction. J Pharmacol Sci 104:73–81. doi:10.1254/jphs.FP0070100
Wang NL, Liou YL, Lin MT, Lin CL, Chang CK (2005) Chinese herbal medicine, Shengmai San, is effective for improving circulatory shock and oxidative damage in the brain during heatstroke. J Pharmacol Sci 97:253–265. doi:10.1254/jphs.FP0040793
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Special issue article in honor of Dr. Akitane Mori.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Konishi, T. Brain Oxidative Stress as Basic Target of Antioxidant Traditional Oriental Medicines. Neurochem Res 34, 711–716 (2009). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-008-9872-9
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11064-008-9872-9