Abstract
This paper focuses on the magnitude and changes in out-of-pocket (OOP) health care expenditure taking into account demographic transition, through which India has been going, using National Sample Survey data. With the very high levels of OOP expenditure, it is observed that OOP expenditure has further increased recently. And the resultant increase has been more severe among people those are from rural area and belong to the poorer section of economic strata. This paper concludes that the increase of OOP expenditure is the outcome of both new economic policies adopted in the health sector as measures of reform and the age structure change taken place over the periods.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Chaudhuri, A., & Roy, K. (2008). Changes in out-of-pocket payments for healthcare in vietnam and its impact on equity in payments, 1992–2002. Health Policy, 88(1), 38–48.
Garg, C., & Karan, A. (2009). Reducing Out-of-Pocket Expenditures to Reduce Poverty: A Disaggregated Analysis at Rural-Urban and State Level in India. Health Policy and Planning, 24(2), 116–128.
Ghosh, S. (2011). Catastrophic payments and impoverishment due to out-of-pocket health expenditure. Economic and Political Weekly, 46(47), 63–70.
Government of India. (2005). National Health Accounts India (2001–2002). New Delhi: Ministry of Health and Programme Implementation.
Gumber, A., Dhak, B., & Lalitha, N. (2012). Declining free health care and rising treatment costs in India: An analysis of national sample surveys 1986–2004. Journal of Health Manahement, 14(2), 97–116.
O’Donnell, O., van Doorslaer, E., et al. (2007). The incidence of public expenditure on healthcare: Comparative evidence from Asia. The World Bank Economic Review, 21(1), 93–123.
Peters, D. H., Yazbeck, A. S., Sharma, R., Ramana, G. N. V., Pritchett, L., & Wagstaff, A. (2002). Better health systems for India’s poor: Findings, analysis, and options. Washington DC: The World Bank.
Robinson, R. (2002). User charges for health care. In E. Mossialos, A. Dixon, J. Figuers, & J. Kutzin (Eds.), Funding health care: Option for Europe (pp. 161–183). Buckingham: Open University Press.
Selvaraj, S., & Karan, A. (2009). Deepening health insecurity in India: Evidence from national sample surveys since 1980s. Economic and Political Weekly, 44(49), 55–60.
Shariff, A., & Mondal, S.K. (2009). User fee in public health care institution. In G. Kumar (ed.), Health Sector in India (pp. 147–168). New Delhi: Monohar Publishers and Distributors and Centre De Sciences Humaines.
van Doorslaer, E., O’Donnell, O., Rannan-Eliya, R. P., Somanathan, A., et al. (2006). Effect of payments for healthcare on poverty estimates in 11 countries in Asia: An analysis of household survey data. Lancet, 368(9544), 1357–1364.
Wagstaff, A., & van Doorslaer, E. (2003). Catastrophe and impoverishment in paying for healthcare: With applications to Vietnam 1993–98. Health Economics, 12, 921–934.
World Health Organization. (1948). Constitution. Geneva: World Health Organization.
World Health Organization. (2006). Working together for health. World Health report 2006. Geneva: World Health Organization. http://who.int/whr/2006/whr06_en.pdf. Accessed May 30, 2012.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Dhak, B. Demographic Change and Catastrophic Health Expenditure in India. Soc Indic Res 122, 723–733 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-014-0717-4
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-014-0717-4