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Phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) pre- and post-epizootic postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS)

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Abstract

The porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) genome encodes three major open reading frames (ORFs) encoding the replicase proteins (ORF1), the viral capsid protein (ORF2), and a protein with suggested apoptotic activity (ORF3). Previous phylogenetic analyses of complete genome sequences of PCV2 from GenBank have demonstrated 95–100% intra-group nucleotide sequence identity. However, although these isolates were readily grouped into clusters and clades, there was no correlation between the occurrence of specific PCV2 genotypes and the geographic origin or health status of the pig. In the present study, a unique dataset from a field study spanning the years pre and post the recognition of postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS) in Sweden was utilized. Using this dataset it was possible to discriminate three Swedish genogroups (SG1-3) of PCV2, of which SG1 was recovered from a pig on a healthy farm ten years before the first diagnosis of PMWS in Sweden. The SG1 PCV2/ORF2 gene sequence has been demonstrated to exhibit a high genetic stability over time and has subsequently only been demonstrated in samples from pigs on nondiseased farms. In contrast, SG2 was almost exclusively found on farms that had only recently broken down with PMWS whereas the SG3 genogroup predominated in pigs from PMWS-affected farms. These results further support the results obtained from earlier in vitro and in vivo experimental models and suggest the association of specific PCV2 genogroups with diseased and nondiseased pigs in the field.

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Acknowledgements

This work was supported by The Swedish Research Council for Environment, Agricultural Sciences and Spatial Planning (FORMAS), EU (FOOD-CT-2004-513928 and NMSSAC-PCVD 518432), the Swedish Farmers Foundation of Research in Agriculture (SLF), the Programme for Biology of Infection at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences and Merial. The authors also wish to thank Ulla Gustavson for sequencing Pierre Boudinot and Sophie Escutenaire for valuable advice concerning the phylogenetic analysis. Brian Meehan would like to acknowledge the support given by the NIH, NIAID (R21 AI53120-01A1).

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Author notes

  1. Brian Meehan

    Present address: Department of Biotechnology and Environmental Biology, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC, 3083, Australia

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Biomedical Sciences and Veterinary Public Health, Section of Immunology, Biomedical Centre, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), P.O. Box 588, 751 23, Uppsala, Sweden

    Sirje Timmusk, Frida Hasslung Wikström, Lisbeth Fuxler, Mikael Berg & Caroline Fossum

  2. National Veterinary Institute, SVA, 751 89, Uppsala, Sweden

    Per Wallgren & Katinka Belák

  3. Department of Clinical Sciences, SLU, Uppsala, Sweden

    Per Wallgren

  4. Section for Virology and Serology, National Veterinary Institute, P.O. Box 8156, 0033, Oslo, Norway

    Inger Marit Brunborg

  5. Veterinary Sciences Division, Virology Branch, Agri-Food and Biosciences Institute, Stormont, Belfast, BT4 3SD, UK

    Gordon Allan & Francis McNeilly

  6. Department of Veterinary Science, Queen’s University Belfast, Belfast, BT4 3SD, UK

    Brian Meehan & Michael McMenamy

  7. Department of Infectious Diseases, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, Kreutzwaldi 62, Tartu, 51014, Estonia

    Diivi Põdersoo & Tiiu Saar

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  1. Sirje Timmusk
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Sirje Timmusk.

Additional information

The GenBank accession numbers of the 37 sequences reported in this paper are: Sw64-EF184228; SwN2-EF184227; SwN1-EF184226; Sw3(03)-EF184225; Sw20-EF184224; Sw19-EF184223; Sw52-EF184222; Sw51-EF184221; Sw93(ab)-EF184220; Sw93′(bb)-EF371551; Sw4(04)-EF371518; Sw2(02)-EF371519; Sw71-EF371520; Sw79-EF371521; Sw81-EF371522; Sw78-EF371523; No4-EF371524; No2-EF371525; No3-EF371526; No5-EF371527; Sw5-EF371528; Sw40-EF371529; Sw42-EF371530; Sw24-EF371531; Sw29-EF371532; Sw32-EF371533; Sw35-EF371534; Sw68-EF371535; Sw73-EF371536; Sw74-EF371537; Sw75-EF371538; Sw82-EF371539; Sw31-EF371540; It1-EF371547; It5-EF371548; It16-EF371549; It18-EF371550.

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Timmusk, S., Wallgren, P., Brunborg, I.M. et al. Phylogenetic analysis of porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) pre- and post-epizootic postweaning multisystemic wasting syndrome (PMWS). Virus Genes 36, 509–520 (2008). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-008-0217-1

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