Abstract
In this study, the complete genome sequence of a Newcastle disease virus (NDV) isolate collected from an outbreak in 1995 in chickens was fully characterized and compared with other NDV sequences. The genome was found to be 15,192 nucleotides long and to consist of six genes in the order 3′-NP-P-M-F-HN-L-5′, similar to other avian paramyxoviruses type-I. However, a six-nucleotide insertion was observed in the 5′ non-coding regions of the nucleoprotein (NP) gene, a feature that is unique to some NDV isolates. The isolate shows the amino acid sequence 112RRQKRF117 at the cleavage site of the F protein, which is identical to a known motif for virulent pathotypes of NDV. The phylogenetic analysis of the coding region of the F gene indicated that this isolate belongs to genotype VI, more specifically to genotype VId, along with isolates from the other European countries (Denmark, Switzerland and Austria). The same genotype caused outbreaks in the Middle East and Greece in the late 1960s, and in Hungary, in the early 1980s, suggesting a common source for these outbreaks.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
F.C. Kraneveld, Ned Indisch Bl Diergeneeskd 38, 448–450 (1926)
T.M. Doyle, J. Comp. Path. Therap. 40, 144–169 (1927)
D.J. Alexander, in Diseases of poultry, 11th edn., ed. by Y.M. Saif, J.BarnesH, J.R. Glisson, A.M. Fadly, L.R. McDougal, D.E. Swayne (Iowa State Press, Ames, 2003), pp. 64–874
OIE, in Newcastle Disease. ed. by M. Truszczynski et al. International Animal Health Code—Mammals, Birds and Bees, 6th edn. in Epizooties (OIE, Paris, 1992), pp. 157–165
M.A. Mayo, Arch. Virol. 147, 1071–1076 (2002)
D. Kolakofsky, T. Pelet, D. Garcin, S. Hausmann, J. Curran, L. Roux, J. Virol. 72, 891–899 (1998)
X.F. Liu, H.Q. Wan, X.X. Ni, Y.T. Wu, W.B. Liu, Arch. Virol. 148, 1387–1403 (2003)
D. Kolakofsky, L. Roux, D. Garcin, R.W. Ruigrok, J. Gen. Virol. 86, 1869–1877 (2005)
M. Mase, K. Imai, Y. Sanada, N. Sanada, N. Yuasa, T. Imada, K. Tsukamoto, S. Yamaguchi, J. Clin. Microbiol. 40, 3826–3830 (2002)
D.J. Alexander, Newcastle disease diagnosis, in Newcastle disease, ed. by D.J. Alexander (Kluwer Academic Publishers, Boston, 1988)
D. Wei, B. Yang, Y.L. Li, C.F. Xue, Z.N. Chen, H. Bian, Virus Res. 135, 312–319 (2008)
J.C.F.M. Dortmans, G. Koch, P.J.M. Rottier, B.P.H. Peeters, J. Gen. Virol. 90, 2746–2750 (2009)
D.J. Alexander, Br. Poultry Sci. 42, 5 (2001)
D.J. Alexander, in Newcastle disease and other avian paramyxoviridae infections. ed. by B.W. Calnek, H.J. Barnes, C.W. Beard, L.R. McDougald, Y.M. Saif. Diseases of Poultry (Iowa State Press, Ames, 1997), pp. 541–569
M. Munir, A.M. Linde, S. Zohari, K. Stahl, C. Baule, K. Holm, B. Engstrom, M. Berg, Avian Dis. 54, 923–930 (2010)
K. Tamura, J. Dudley, M. Nei, S. Kumar, Mol. Biol. Evol. 24, 1596–1599 (2007)
D. Ujvari, Virus Genes 32, 49–57 (2006)
R. Lamb, G. Parks, Paramyxoviridae: The Viruses and Their Replication (Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, Philadelphia, 2007)
E.W. Aldous, J.K. Mynn, J. Banks, D.J. Alexander, Avian Pathol. 32, 239–256 (2003)
B. Rima, Comparison of amino acid sequences of the major structural proteins of the paramyxo- and morbilliviruses, in Genetics and Pathogenicity of Negative Strand Viruses, ed. by D. Kolakofsky, B.M.J. Mahy (Elsevier, Amsterdam, 1989)
T. Sakaguchi, T. Toyoda, B. Gotoh, N.M. Inocencio, K. Kuma, T. Miyata, Y. Nagai, Virology 169, 260–272 (1989)
Y. Nagai, H.D. Klenk, Virology 77, 125–134 (1977)
A. Czegledi, D. Ujvari, E. Somogyi, E. Wehmann, O. Werner, B. Lomniczi, Virus Res. 120, 36–48 (2006)
B. Lomniczi, E. Wehmann, J. Herczeg, A. Ballagi-Pordany, E.F. Kaleta, O. Werner, G. Meulemans, P.H. Jorgensen, A.P. Mante, A.L. Gielkens, I. Capua, J. Damoser, Arch. Virol. 143, 49–64 (1998)
A.M. Linde, M. Munir, S. Zohari, K. Stahl, C. Baule, L. Renstrom, M. Berg, Virus Genes 41, 165–173 (2010)
I.H. Brown, L. Henry, VLA report (2009/10)
B.S. Seal, Virus Genes 11, 217–224 (1996)
A.R. Gould, E. Hansson, K. Selleck, J.A. Kattenbelt, M. Mackenzie, A.J. Della-Porta, Avian Pathol. 32, 361–373 (2003)
Acknowledgments
This study was supported by the European Union Network of Excellence, EPIZONE (Contract No. FOOD-CT-2006-016236), and the Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency, Department for Research Cooperation (Sida, SAREC: Contract No. SWE- 2008-186). The authors also would like to thank Jenna Anderson for English proofreading of this article.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Munir, M., Linde, AM., Zohari, S. et al. Whole genome sequencing and characterization of a virulent Newcastle disease virus isolated from an outbreak in Sweden. Virus Genes 43, 261–271 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-011-0636-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11262-011-0636-2