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Metabolomics reveals differential metabolic adjustments of normal and overweight subjects during overfeeding

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Abstract

Changes in eating habits, food composition and processing are involved in the “nutritional transition” that accompanied the obesity pandemic and the burst of metabolic diseases. This study is one of the first to describe the metabolic trajectories that differentiate the responses of overweight (OW) from lean individuals during weight gain. Nineteen lean and 19 OW male volunteers were submitted to moderate weight gain using a lipid-enriched overfeeding protocol designed to add about 3,300 kJ per day in excess to their usual diet. Metabolic explorations in combination with plasma and urine metabolomic profiles using liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry were determined along 8 weeks to compare metabolic trajectories and determine early changes in metabolic processes after identification of specific early responding markers. Urinary metabolomic profiles during overfeeding evidenced differences in metabolic trajectories between groups, characterized by an increase over time of short-, medium-chain acylcarnitines, and bile acids in overweight subjects. For most of the anthropometric, metabolic parameters and plasma metabolomics data, the time-course evolution of all subjects was similar with distinction between groups. Plasma abundances of unsaturated lysophosphosphatidylcholine (22:6) decreased over time more importantly in normal weight subjects while most of those of the saturated species increased in both groups. These findings not evidenced with classical parameters, indicate a differential response to overfeeding in urine metabolomes of subjects, suggesting different nutrient metabolic fate with weight status. Subtle plasma and urine metabolic changes, mostly related to differences in the adaptation of β-oxidation and inflammation indicate a lower metabolic flexibility of OW subjects facing weight gain induced by overfeeding.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the Agence Nationale pour la Recherche (Project, PNRA-007, 2007-2010), Danone (18 months of a post-doctorate position), the Actions Incitatives from the Hospices Civils de Lyon and the Programme Hospitalier de Recherche Clinique Inter-régional. We would also like to thank H. Pereira for LC–MS analyses of plasma samples.

Conflict of interest

None of the authors have a conflict of interest relevant to this work.

Ethical Standards

All procedures followed were in accordance with the ethical standards of the responsible committee on human experimentation (institutional and national) and with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2000. Informed consent was obtained from all participants for being included in the study.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. INRA, UMR 1019, UNH, CRNH Auvergne, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France

    Beatrice Morio, Blandine Comte, Jean-François Martin, Emilie Chanseaume, Bernard Lyan, Yves Boirie, Estelle Pujos-Guillot & Jean-Louis Sébédio

  2. Clermont Université, Université d’Auvergne, Unité de Nutrition Humaine, BP 10448, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France

    Beatrice Morio, Blandine Comte, Jean-François Martin, Emilie Chanseaume, Bernard Lyan, Yves Boirie, Estelle Pujos-Guillot & Jean-Louis Sébédio

  3. INRA, UMR 1019, Plateforme d’Exploration du Métabolisme, UNH, 63000, Clermont-Ferrand, France

    Jean-François Martin, Bernard Lyan, Estelle Pujos-Guillot & Jean-Louis Sébédio

  4. CEA-LEMM, 91191, Gif sur Yvette cedex, France

    Christophe Junot

  5. Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale Unit 1060, CarMeN Laboratory and Centre Européen Nutrition Santé, Lyon 1 University, 69600, Oullins, France

    Maud Alligier, Hubert Vidal & Martine Laville

  6. Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine (CRNH) Rhône-Alpes, Centre Hospitalier Lyon-Sud, 69310, Pierre Bénite, France

    Maud Alligier, Hubert Vidal & Martine Laville

  7. INRA, UMR 1019, Clermont University, Research Centre of Clermont-Ferrand/Theix, 63122, Saint-Genès-Champanelle, France

    Jean-Louis Sébédio

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  1. Beatrice Morio
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  2. Blandine Comte
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Correspondence to Jean-Louis Sébédio.

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Beatrice Morio and Blandine Comte have contributed equally to the study.

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Morio, B., Comte, B., Martin, JF. et al. Metabolomics reveals differential metabolic adjustments of normal and overweight subjects during overfeeding. Metabolomics 11, 920–938 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11306-014-0750-y

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